Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli was considered patron of this calendar (Ylotl Gonzlez-Torres,1991). He was a patron of many crafts such as writing, and metal and stone work and represented workers of these crafts. His name became one of veneration. Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises? It is not clear whether Quetzalcoatl slept with his sister in the myth, but the next morning he said, I have sinned, the stain on my name can never be erased. [18][need quotation to verify]. His hair is red and his body painted with red and white stripes. A bouquet of flowers found in a tunnel under a Teotihuacan pyramid survived a bonfire about 2,000 years ago. Quetzalcoatl would permit no human offerings in his name. In their mythology, the world was periodically destroyed and rebuilt by the gods. This view has been questioned by ethno-historians who argue that the Quetzalcoatl-Corts connection is not found in any document that was created independently of post-Conquest Spanish influence, and that there is little proof of a pre-Hispanic belief in Quetzalcoatl's return. He appears seated in Omnipotence City of the gods, where all major deities are located, during an announcement from leader of the gods, Zeus. The first keeper of written records, he was patron of the Calmecac, a school for noble children who learned to paint histories and astrology, as well as practice the art of war. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god? Look now at your flesh; know yourself; see He was also the ninth of the 13 gods of the daytime hours. According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. He was regarded as a creator god and a god of wind by such civilizations as the Maya and Aztecs. Quetzalcoatl ground up those bones like corn, mixing the flour-like powder with his own blood to harvest a new crop of people. They maintained a major pilgrimage and commercial center at Cholula, Puebla which the Spaniards compared to both Rome and Mecca because the cult of the god united its constituents through a field of common social, political, and religious values without dominating them militarily. As the god of learning, of writing, and of books, Quetzalcatl was particularly venerated in the calmecac, religious colleges annexed to the temples, in which the future priests and the sons of the nobility were educated. Your email address will not be published. Although he was generally listed as one of the first-rank deities, no ceremonial month was dedicated to his cult. He showed Quetzalcoatl his reflection in an obsidian mirror. [43] In a 1986 paper for Sunstone, he noted that during the Spanish Conquest, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. You have troubled yourself much. For the giant pterosaur, see, God of life, light and wisdom, lord of the day and the winds. The earliest known iconographic depiction of the deity appears on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta. His temple at Teotihuacn dates to the third century CE. Please allow a few minutes for this process to complete. What is this, my flesh, that you would show me? My lord and priest, replied Tezcatlipoca, I come from the mountainside of Nonoalco. The pressure of the northern immigrants brought about a social and religious revolution, with a military ruling class seizing power from the priests. The half sun created by Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli was a poor light for the world, and the four brothers came together to find a Among the Aztecs, the name Quetzalcoatl was also a priestly title, as the two most important priests of the Aztec Templo Mayor were called "Quetzalcoatl Tlamacazqui". The first century of the Toltec civilization was dominated by the Teotihuacn culture, with its inspired ideals of priestly rule and peaceful behaviour. Codex Maglabecchiano, fol. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered-serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Maya Vision Serpent shown below. He was known as the inventor of books and the calendar, the giver of maize (corn) to mankind, and sometimes as a symbol of death and resurrection. Stream Quetzalcoatl Offering by DJ Captain Planet on desktop and mobile. In the Legend of the Suns, their battles saw them topple each other as regents of individual worlds. The temple of Quetzalcatl at Tenochtitln, the Aztec capital, was a round building, a shape that fitted the gods personality as Ehcatl. When the right moment came, Tezcatlipoca appeared in his tiger form and gave Quetzalcoatl such a blow with his paw that it hurled him from the skies. He vowed to return someday. While it was being constructed Tezcatlipoca (who in other myths is a creatortrickster god but here is a Demonic force, or sorcerer) came to Quetzalcoatl one day and told him that toward Honduras, in a place called Tlapallan, a house was ready for him. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. Illustration. Quetzalcatl wandered down to the coast of the divine water (the Atlantic Ocean) and then immolated himself on a pyre, emerging as the planet Venus. Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Follow the link below to read more about Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning StarThe legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl goes on to tell us that after a long pilgrimage towards the east, our hero found himself so thoroughly defeated by his brother Tezcatlipoca that he threw himself on a burning pyre in an act of self-sacrifice. [40] However, a majority of Mesoamericanist scholars, such as Matthew Restall (2003, 2018[37]), James Lockhart (1994), Susan D. Gillespie (1989), Camilla Townsend (2003a, 2003b), Louise Burkhart, Michel Graulich and Michael E. Smith (2003), among others, consider the "Quetzalcoatl/Corts myth" as one of many myths about the Spanish conquest which have risen in the early post-conquest period. Two groups underscoring the excellence of folkloric styles who are among the seven dance ensembles being presented at this year's Utah Arts Festival are Ballet Folklorico Quetzalcoatl de Utah (June 24, Festival Stage, 6 p.m.) and Carnaval de Barranquilla Utah (June 25, The Round, 12:45 p.m.), which is part of inaugural UAF's Emerging . In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. To both Teotihuacan and Maya cultures, Venus was in turn also symbolically connected with warfare.[21]. Quetzalcoatl became placid. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. The hero (not the god) Quetzalcoatl either came as a stranger to the Aztecs from an unknown land or was born in Tula, where he reigned as priest-king. Quetzalcoatl invented the calendar, metal-working, and agriculture. Of the four, one was called the black and one the red Tezcatlipoca, and the fourth was Huitzilopochtli. Xolotl, the Evening StarTlahuizcalpentecuhtli could only guard the sun as it crossed the daytime sky. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god?The final twist in Quetzalcoatls story came with the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, who claimed that Corts was welcomed as the long-departed Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl who, in another story, did not kill himself but left on a long voyage over the ocean, promising one day to return. Quetzalcoatl was also the patron of the priests and the title of the twin Aztec high priests. [20] Historian Enrique Florescano - also analyzing Teotihuacan iconography - argues that the Feathered Serpent was part of a triad of agricultural deities: The feathered serpent was furthermore connected to the planet Venus because of this planet's importance as a sign of the beginning of the rainy season. At some point, Quetzalcoatls sister Quetzalpetlatl or Xochiquetzal arrived. At a certain time the four gathered together and consulted concerning creation. He called his attendants and asked that his sister Quetzalpetlatl come to him. Often our current time was considered the fifth sun,[29] the previous four having been destroyed by flood, fire and the like. Welcome, youth. 22(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Bust of Quetzalcoatl (R), British Museum; drawing of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (R) based on the Codex Borbonicus(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 9: Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizpantecuhtli, god of Venus. This last period was considered to bring bad luck because it was represented by Quetzalcoatl in his forceful guise of Wind. Quetzalcoatl wears a cross-section (slice) of a conch shell as a pendant or chest ornament. He ground the bones and mixed them with his blood, creating the first humans of the 5th (and current) sun. Really it was just alcohol, something which the ascetic, celibate Quetzalcoatl had never tasted. Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. After the Fourth Age was destroyed by floods, Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca helped Cihuacoatl create a brand-new Earth. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). One sip led to another; Tezcatlipoca got Quetzalcoatl very drunk. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: kid birthday party venues louisville, ky Post comments: weezer pink triangle problematic weezer pink triangle problematic At last he reached Tlapallan, and on the day he arrived he fell sick and died. Contains spam, fake content or potential malware, Encyclopedia of World Mythology and Legend, Third Edition, Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. One important body of myths describes Quetzalcatl as the priest-king of Tula, the capital of the Toltecs. Because of this, he was closely associated with Tlaloc, the god of the rain. The belief that he would return from the east in a One Reed year led the Aztec sovereign Montezuma II to regard the Spanish conqueror Hernn Corts and his comrades as divine envoys, because 1519, the year in which they landed on the Mexican Gulf coast, was a One Reed year. Yet another version says rival priests raped Quetzalpetlatl but blamed Quetzalcoatl. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Ometeotl appeared in a dream.
Marine Corps Ocs Dates 2022, Articles Q