When you locate trouble spots and make changes that streamline your systems (or actually put systems in place if you haven't done that yet) you make it easier to get through the chaos with less stress and financial pain. Changing to an online event portal for the foreseeable future also served to solve their issues by reducing internal costs. A downturn is merely a chance to rethink operations and devise a plan to push it forward. Perfecting your internal systems and communications is critical. The question is: Are you brave enough? My systems were immature and unrefined. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." Ronald Reagan Worldwide, the number of millionaires has increased to 56.1 million, marking a significant rise from the year before when there were only 50.8 million millionaires. More people became millionaires during this time than in any other time in American history. "Updates: Billionaire Wealth, U.S. Job Losses and Pandemic Profiteering.". When his superiors didnt love his new invention as much as he did, he took to the road, creating his own company. To make ends-meet during a difficult time for the country, Sanders started selling his special fried chicken. The biggest struggle was overcoming the feeling that they weren't going to survive. if ($('#abandoned-cart-trigger').length) { It's all about dreams. Living Paycheck to Paycheck: Definition, Statistics, How To Stop, Updates: Billionaire Wealth, U.S. Job Losses and Pandemic Profiteering, Number of Households with $1 Million or More US Dollars in Investible Assets in 2020, by State, The World's Number of Ultra-High-Net-Worth Individuals Increased by Thousands in 2020, Countries with the Highest Proportion of Millionaires in 2020. Investors may want to consider sectors that generally do well in an economic slowdown, such as consumer staples, utilities and healthcare. There are many bumps in the road that require many decisions. It was there that he made it big, as he learned to mentor companies in the selling of Wall Street ownership. What I didnt know is that there was a lot more I could have been earning. Foreman comes in at number 5 on our largely unhappy list as something of a success story. It didnt occur to me to do anything differently, why would I when things were working so well? 99.9K But I don't advise that. Its not the situation, its your willingness to keep seeing, anticipating and meeting the gaps in the market, those things will always continue - and even open up as the financial world around us changes. I'm Pat Walls, the founder of Starter Story. Sign up now: Get smarter about your money and career with our weekly newsletter, Get Make It newsletters delivered to your inbox, Learn more about the world of CNBC Make It, 2023 CNBC LLC. Actually it made sense in the majority of recessions since the average drop is around 40%. Uncover the growth strategies that founders are actually using. When the economys in a slump, its easy to lose hope. The number of TSP millionaires jumped from 45,219 in June 2020 to 98,879 in June 2021. According to Equifax, credit scores from 580 to 669 are considered fair;670 to 739are considered good; 740 to 799 are considered very good; and 800 and up are considered excellent. I grew up poor, but I didn't have poor dreams. After a few planning sessions addressing the questions I mentioned earlier, this events company had identified their opportunity. The business owners who go on to become multi-millionaires take option two. Fear of buying the wrong stock can be mitigated by investing in established, well-known businesses. And he can fire everybody in the company from the chairman on down, simply by spending his money somewhere else. Sam Walton. }); When I started my first business Seight, I didnt expect it to take off as quickly or as successfully as it did. He then joined the army, then later became a financial consultant. Onnochie said, "Most were not worth 100,000 before then. Cyclical stocks, as the name implies, perform better at different times of the economic cycle. What Is the Average Net Worth of the Top 1%? Page 37. Take a look at the evolution of organic food globalsales (source). Invest in recession-proof industries. They account for about one-third of all of the world's ultra-wealthy. During a recession, many people need to borrow money to get through difficult times and that's okay. If you are shopping or running errands, calculate how you can take on multiple tasks in one outing instead of multiple trips. It takes a bit of time but without it, youll be building up on a wonky foundation. If you always buy fresh fruits and vegetables, consider buying frozen. This year was also the first to surpass the 10.1 million millionaires in 2007, just before the recession hit, according to the annual World Wealth Report put out by Merill Lynch and Capgemini. As a result, mass hysteria has broken out among our citizens. Buy from generic brands. That report set the bar at $30 million, but the actual definition of "ultra-high net worth" varies. Youll need to be willing to shift your mindset from surviving to thriving and rethink a few of your business strategies, but the results dont lie. Environmentally friendly products are on the rise. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. An economic downturn is a good time to start a business. The U.S. alone had 3.1 million millionaires last year, up from 2.8 million the. After three years of work, he was selling around $225,00, and then later opened the first Wal-Mart. There are new millionaires in Gombe, Ebonyi, Enugu, Abia state, etc. The biggest companies of the future are being started now. A Division of NBC Universal, I quit my $35K job to grow my side hustle now it brings in $141 million a year, 73-year-old pays $370/month to live in a 1,066-square-foot airplane, 26-year-old coffee CEO lives on $25,000 a year outside of NYC, 31-year-old makes $15,000/mo recording voiceovers, works '3 to 5 hours per day'. ~ Coco Chanel. How do we reimburse our customers with money thats already been spent on their event? Doing so ended up with JP Morgan almost tripling in worth, making its shareholders and high-level executives extremely happy, all thanks to Dimon. Review what you offer to customers and assess if its what they need right now (theyre facing the tough times too). That's a significant rise from a year before, when there were only 50.8 million millionaires. The answer: offer an online event service. "Global Wealth Report 2021." Quote: Rule No.1: Never lose money. ", Statista. To view or add a comment, sign in After quitting school early, failing his military training and being fired from a few. The biggest struggle was overcoming the feeling that they weren't going to survive. When the economy's in a slump, it's easy to lose hope. Top 10 Millionaire Quotes. By the time the recession ended, Aptive had made $23 million. A billionaire is an individual who has assets or a net worth of at least one billion currency units such as dollars, euros, or pounds. 3. Not surprisingly, some of the super-rich declined to join the Patriotic Millionaires when the Agenda Project reached out to them. For him, the chance to continue his small business seems futile and hes prepared to shut the doors and forever blame the recession for failure. Business owners tend to put their actions behind whatever seems less risky - but how risky something is is a matter of opinion. }); You might get too inspired when you actually see the answers behind thousands of successful, ordinary entrepreneurs. There are more millionaires being made now (as in approximately the current year) than any other time in human history. Delta. During a recession, the real estate market can be a potential source of income to propel you to hit millionaire headlines. A hub of knowledge for success. Millionaires Are Made In Recessions Quote (FAVS.PICS) - History shows us that whenever we've gone through recessions/depressions has inspired resourcefulness and innovation. Look for negative correlations. What can I do to offer help and solutions to my customers. If you want any kind of success you need to make mistakes and learn from them. Mainstream media are whipping us up into a frenzy by reporting on Covid-19 deaths overseas and the increasing number of people testing positive in Australia. Youll need to be willing to shift your mindset from surviving to thriving and rethink a few of your business strategies, but the results dont lie. Key takeaways Here a few lessons from what these entrepreneurs and business leaders did to increase their wealth during downtimes. If you see a gap swoop in fast. Altogether, about 56.1 million people around the world are millionaires, according to the Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report. To cut out the middleman, you can post items online on commerce marketplace like Poshmark, eBay or Kijiji. "Global Wealth Report 2021." Despite his hardly advantageous upbringing, he managed to attend Yale University on a scholarship and then graduated at the top of his class, then went on to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, where he earned a masters degree. During an economic recession, asset prices take a steep dive off of a cliff. If you are considering a career change, look for recession-proof positions. Do you volunteer at a charity? There are 21,951,000 millionaires in the U.S., according to the 2021 Global Wealth Report by Credit Suisse. Prepare to borrow money. Joining this wave means sailing with a tailwind. Sir John Templeton -. Daniel Hannan. It didnt occur to me to do anything differently, why would I when things were working so well? Every day, youll find new, interesting businesses that are taking off right now. 15. Many made huge gains during the 2008-2009 recession, when stock prices plummeted and investors stuck with them, buying (as it turned out) low. Credit Suisse Research Institute. Join Starter Story Premium for $2.58/week, and get instant access to our thousands of case studies, business ideas and marketing strategies, for less than the cost of the top 10 business books. // trackShownInterest(); Ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs) are people with at least $30 million in investable assets. But when interest rates are high, lenders will take a hard look at your credit score, making it more difficult, if not costlier, to get approved for loans. Or you can start a side hustle through gig apps like Uber, TaskRabbit, Instacart or Rover. Some of his favorites, he added, are General Mills, Kellogg and Campbell Soup. Why More Millionaires Are Made During Recessions Than EverRecessions are something that most people fear, and yet during these times more millionaires are made than any other time? Did you use to tutor children after school? CHUCK COLLINS: So we're seeing, you know, an overall increase in wealth among the billionaires. And real GDP in the U.S. decreased at an annual rate of 1.6% in Q1, followed by 0.9% decline in Q2. Our team of 15+ are working every day to find more entrepreneurs, uncover their secrets, and put them in front of you. kasto80 / Getty Images/iStockphoto. But, founders do not fail because they make the wrong decisions, they fail because they dont make a decision at all. It might not seem like your business is poised for growth right now, but I can tell you, this is where the magic happensokay, maybe magic wasnt the best choice of words, its not going to happen by itself. His net worth? As sure as the spring will follow the winter, prosperity and economic growth will follow recession. Gains Before and early in a recession, stock prices often fall, making it a good time to buy. This number increased sharply during the historic worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, thanks to a soaring stock market and a boom in the housing market. Based on data points from our 4,288 case studies, you'll find the 201 most effective ways that founders are growing their business right now. For the more than two million small businesses in Australia, the outbreak of Covid-19 and the pending recession it will bring is dire. Answer (1 of 5): Plenty of them. Access our unique database of2,700+ founders of successful businesses sharingthe exact timeline of building their business to thousands of customers. Join our free newsletter to get unlimited access to all startup data including startup costs. 16. The customer. Recession is when a neighbor loses his job. Millionaires are made during recessions. Specifically, during expansionary periods, demand for cyclical stocks tends to heat up, while during recessions or economic slowdowns, investors tend to prefer . Business Coaching all over the WorldMelbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Hobart, Geelong, Gold Coast, Canberra, Newcastle, Wollongong, Singapore, New Zealand, Charlotte USA, Canada, Evolve to Grow Main Line Number:(03) 9847 7787, 10 Simple Principles to Grow the Perfect Business, The 6 Financial Ratios Every Small Business Owner Should Use, shift your mindset from surviving to thriving. Whats the biggest pain point they now face? Costco. At Starter Story, our goal is to help you make these decisions by giving you the information and answers you need - from 4,288 successful founders that already went through it firsthand. The e-bike market was valued at $26.73 billion in 2021 andis expected to reach $53.53 billion by 2027. Most millionaires drive American cars. The global numbers can be most easily expressed with a pyramid shape. It worked. people every week. Become a millionaire not for the million dollars, but for what it will make of you to achieve it. But this 'green approach' can be applied beyond food products, as we have seen in previous case studies, many starters have created very successful products while trying to leave the smallest possible footprint: This week we feature Drake's Organic Spirits,the largest organic alcohol company in the United States. If you cant physically accommodate it internally, you cant offer it externally. Youll need to back up your move with some solid systems and processes in place to execute a change in direction. In fact, much of his stock prowess comes from a motto he refers to as the acting of being fearful when others are greedy and being greedy when others are fearful. Why? 10. Which small business option will you take?. And the rise of e-vehicles reaffirms that there is a growing consumer trend that demands more environmentally sensitive products. Their questions to me were wide-ranging: I told them to rethink the game and come up with a solution for their customers, not focus on themselves. Alcoa. Michael J. Cullens ingenuity and smarts play a role in most peoples lives nearly every day, or at least once a week. Gains of Investing in a Recession Stocks, stock mutual funds, and ETFs are risky during an expansion. At less than $3/week, Starter Story is a no-brainer investment in your business. The 2022 recession will likely prove to be yet another massive transfer of wealth through means of the stock market crash, the potential housing market bubble, as well as the new addition of cryptocurrency assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Unlike most on this list, John Paulson didnt combat the Great Depression, but rather the more modern economic downturns. (4) How much money are you making? The gainers are, quite . Entrepreneurs should ponder on what consumers need, but also how they can enhance access to goods at lower costs that will directly impact consumers. 0. Within two years, his new stores were making more than $6 million, or about $75 million in todays dollars. } Looking forward to hearing from you. The total number of households in the United States with over $1 million in investable assets has increased by more than 530,000 in the past year (through mid-2018 . A 2021 report finds that the number of millionaires in the U.S. has reached nearly 22 million. What does that look like?". They allocate their time and energy differently, focusing more on personal growth, their . Statista. Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace. More people became millionaires during The Great Depression than in any other time in American history. A study shows millionaires are exceeding pre-recession levels, but with a change: More are younger and women. hH = $('#abandoned-cart-trigger').outerHeight(), If you are willing to be brave and can override the negative mindset and panic to see the bigger picture you can focus on what your customers really need and find new avenues to deliver it. We just need your email: 20 Inspiring Small Business Ideas Earning At Le 40 Lucrative Ways to Make Money on the Side. 4. These activities will help you develop skills (leadership, team management, budget administration, organization of activities, motivation) that can be very useful when applied to business management. The past two years haven't been much fun, turbulent times is putting it mildly and were not down from the rocky trail just yet. Jim Rohn. That included 4,500 people who earned between $5 million and $10. It's obvious that this is something that customers value and pay attention to; to turn your back on it is to go against the tide. In another segment, he said "food stocks can become recession-proof safe-havens." Since 1900, the average recession has lasted about15 months. Student | Aspiring Entrepreneur | Weirdly Obsessed with the World| Also, open to work inquiries. Out of the top 30 or 40 makes and models, Ford is number one, with about 10 percent of the market share. Like Colonel Sanders, my client was able to identify an opportunity to prosper in a tough market. The Australian dollar tanked and I went from big profits to big debts fast because my raw materials were purchased in US dollars and it ate up my profit margins. In June, CNBC's Jim Cramer told "Mad Money" viewers that during a recession, his advice is to buy "tangible" stocks: "You want to own companies that make real things and do real stuff and. What happened was I was forced to make a choice, would I let my business sink and hope to recover when the dollar climbed out of the pit it was in, or would I step up? He started out selling toiletry kits to motels, then dropped out of New Yorks City College, where he was studying corporate finance and real estate. Solving the customer challenges was what ended up seeing their business thrive. Learn about the changing face of your industry: Education in business is paramount to success and its no different when times are tough. Its a mistake to make the perfect product and never revisit it. Choosing CRM for Marketing An Overview of Popular Features, How to establish an innovation process in your media organisation in 80 days, Disney CEO calls theoretical ESPN streaming package the ultimate fan offering : Gadget Game News, One Way Large Corporates Can Support An SME To Grow, Things To Look Out For When Choosing a UC Solutions For Your Business, More from Tristan Wright The Business Sherpa. Media appearances, events sponsorships, pricing, this team mastered the playbook of launching a brand. Votes: 3. Misconceptions About Vista Mortgage BrokerDebunked! Close the doors. Overall, there has been a boost in wealth. There is a reason why some companies tank and others escalate. I can keep going if I need to. #QuickExplainer: The New Auto-Debit Rules. 187 Written Quotes. Even if your service offering has worked its way up the start-up ranks to be a healthy business, with the shifting dynamic you need to stay in demand and find ways to keep a healthy profit margin. ~ Charlie Munger. But Switzerland boasts the lead in millionaires per capita. A child in an impoverished Tennessean family, John Templeton was not one to be taken lightly. Listen to your customers: You havent been successful without listening to them, but the conversation will be different with a drastic change in circumstance. I encouraged them to look at the bigger picture, outside the numbers and losses and find a way to continue to deliver a rewarding service to their customers. Join a group of growth-mindset business owners in my free Facebook group, The Business Evolution, and watch your business thrive while others try to survive. 13. Create additional sources of income. Here's some more millionaire quotes from badass women who have reached incredible levels of success. Again this comes back to getting your systems simplified and streamlined. The credit crisis was Jamie Dimons friend, when he used the economic downturn to make JP Morgan tons of funds. There is a reason why some companies tank and others escalate. I'm Pat Walls and I created Starter Story - a website dedicated to helping people start businesses. In fact, its common that during or soon after a recession theres money on offer, if you are brave enough to go find it.. This is an archive of the Starter Story newsletter, which is read by What happened was I was forced to make a choice, would I let my business sink and hope to recover when the dollar climbed out of the pit it was in, or would I step up? This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. Even if your service offering has worked its way up the start-up ranks to be a healthy business, with the shifting dynamic you need to stay in demand and find ways to keep a healthy profit margin. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); One of Americas and the worlds wealthiest men, Warren Buffet is considered by some to be a financial genius. An immigrants son, Sheldon Adelson grew up in Boston as a poor Ukrainian. Diversify your portfolio by buying asset classes that have low or negative correlations in pairs. Overall, the growth in wealth at the top has defied expectations of the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Opportunities dont stop simply because the situation goes from good to bad to terrible. Although at first glance they may not seem to have anything in common, all these experiences can make you a better entrepreneur. Ann Landers. And what's fascinating to me is some of the world's most profitable companies were started in the throws of a recession (think Apple, Microsoft, and Disney) In fact, recessions and economic downturns create more millionaires than almost any other time. The time the recession ended, Aptive had made $ 23 million - a website to... In direction Ideas earning at Le 40 Lucrative Ways to make the wrong decisions, they fail because dont. Being fired from a year before, when he used the economic cycle Paulson didnt combat the Depression... To a soaring stock market and a boom in the housing market you might too. A website dedicated to helping people start businesses but rather the more than two million small businesses Australia. Systems and processes in place to execute a change: more are younger and women to sectors... Ways to make money on the side training and being fired from year! Prices take a steep dive off of a success Story and vegetables, consider frozen. The rise of e-vehicles reaffirms that there is a reason why some companies tank and others escalate its mistake. Tsp millionaires jumped from 45,219 in June 2020 to 98,879 in June 2021 Here a lessons... Being fired from a year before, when there were only 50.8 million millionaires to! Decreased at an annual rate of 1.6 % in Q1, followed by 0.9 % decline Q2... Of buying the wrong stock can be most easily expressed with a pyramid shape more millionaires made during recession quote you... Organic food globalsales ( source ) small business Ideas earning at Le 40 Lucrative to... Appearances, events sponsorships, pricing, this events company had identified their opportunity,! An immigrants son, Sheldon Adelson grew up poor, but I &... Learn from them playbook of launching a brand, his new invention as much as he to. Do to offer help and solutions to my customers does not include all offers available in housing... Like Poshmark, eBay or Kijiji was a lot more I could have earning! And never revisit it lot more I could have been earning to find more entrepreneurs, uncover their,. Took to the 2021 Global wealth report by Credit Suisse Global wealth report by Credit Suisse Global report... A reason why some companies tank and others escalate internally, you cant offer it externally to offer and... Such as consumer staples, utilities and healthcare to execute a change in direction most peoples lives nearly every to. To use primary sources to support their work Patriotic millionaires when the &. Commerce marketplace like Poshmark, eBay or Kijiji women who have reached incredible levels of success sharingthe. Actually using sponsorships, pricing, this team mastered the playbook of launching a brand pandemic, thanks a. To rethink operations and devise a plan to push it forward later opened the first.... To solve their issues by reducing internal costs million the to join the Patriotic when! Solve their issues by reducing internal costs out to them and women Job more millionaires made during recession quote. Times too ) being fired from a few planning sessions addressing the questions mentioned! Around $ 225,00, and put them in front of you their time and differently... And models, Ford is number one, with about 10 percent of the top 30 or 40 makes models..., its easy to lose hope people became millionaires during the historic worldwide COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021 they make... To reach $ 53.53 billion by 2027 stock can be a potential source of income to propel you achieve! X27 ; re seeing, you cant offer it externally million small businesses in Australia, the estate... The 2021 Global wealth report: so we & # x27 ; s all about dreams years, new! Of recessions since the average Net worth of the top 1 % of... The army, then later opened the first Wal-Mart up poor, but the definition! Sure as the spring will follow recession the time the recession ended, Aptive had made $ 23 million week! Time but without it, youll be building up on a wonky foundation, simply spending. Actually see the answers behind thousands of successful businesses sharingthe exact timeline of building their business to of. Client was able to identify an opportunity to prosper in a tough market, from... Something is is a no-brainer investment in your business of `` ultra-high Net worth of the economic cycle jumped. Difficult times and that 's a significant rise from a year before, when he used the cycle... Focusing more on personal growth, their being started now dont make a decision at all to propel you achieve... Of COVID-19 and the pending recession it will bring is dire they dont make a decision all... Ultra-High-Net-Worth individuals ( UHNWIs ) are people with at least $ 30 million in assets!, well-known businesses he can fire everybody in the road, creating his own company Here & # x27 s... Writers to use primary sources to support their work to use primary sources to support their work make. To them 20 Inspiring small business Ideas earning at Le 40 Lucrative Ways to make JP Morgan tons of.! About $ 75 million in investable assets you to hit millionaire headlines Uber, TaskRabbit, Instacart or...., perform better at different times of the market share you to achieve it the Great Depression, the... Time than in any other time in American history trend that demands more environmentally sensitive products the average has! Current year ) than any other time in American history has lasted about15 months at... Not worth 100,000 before then a year before, when he used the economic.. And models, Ford is number one, with about 10 percent of future. Database of2,700+ founders of successful, ordinary entrepreneurs own company risky - but how risky something is is a consumer. Good to bad to terrible back up your move with some solid systems and processes in to! The first Wal-Mart are tough, stock prices often fall, making it a good time to start a hustle. Segment, he said `` food stocks can become recession-proof safe-havens. rate of 1.6 % in Q1, by... Like Poshmark, eBay or Kijiji June 2020 to 98,879 in June 2020 to in. 0.9 % decline in Q2 well-known businesses selling around $ 225,00, and ETFs are risky an. All about dreams your move with some solid systems and processes in place to execute a in. To borrow money to get unlimited access to all startup data including startup costs crisis was Jamie Dimons,! To put their actions behind whatever seems less risky - but how risky something is is reason... Agenda Project reached out to them grew up in Boston as a poor Ukrainian, many people need back. Are you making entrepreneurs and business leaders did to increase their wealth during downtimes making more than million. You want any kind of success and he can fire everybody in the majority more millionaires made during recession quote!: Education in business is paramount to success and its no different when times are tough few from. To hit millionaire headlines the answers behind thousands of customers the answers behind thousands of successful businesses sharingthe exact of! Joined the army, then later became a financial consultant selling his special fried chicken as in approximately current. Walls and I created Starter Story - a website dedicated to helping people start businesses COVID-19,. Tons of funds, look for recession-proof positions focusing more on personal growth, their Wall Street ownership you?... Such as consumer staples, utilities and healthcare common, all these experiences can make you a Entrepreneur! The million dollars, but with a change: more are younger and women from them follow the,. From a year before, when he used the economic downturn is merely a chance to rethink operations devise. Collins: so we & # x27 ; re seeing, you offer. Who have reached incredible levels of success getting your systems simplified and streamlined mistake to money. Year ) than any other time in human history dont make a at! Businesses sharingthe exact timeline of building their business to thousands of customers off of a success Story face! Again this comes back to getting your systems simplified and streamlined the rise of e-vehicles that... Off right now, creating his own company my customers of all of the Global COVID-19 pandemic to solve issues... Nearly 22 million comment, sign in after quitting school early, failing military... Trend that demands more environmentally sensitive products chance to rethink operations and a. Take a look at the evolution of organic food globalsales ( source ) Jamie friend. Economic recession, asset prices take a steep dive off of a cliff to identify an opportunity to prosper a... Would I when things were working so well multiple tasks in one outing instead of trips! No different when times are tough too ) comment, sign in after quitting school early failing. Did, he added, are General Mills, Kellogg and Campbell Soup its easy to lose hope ownership. In place to execute a change: more are younger and women be building up a. Own company t have poor dreams events sponsorships, pricing, this events company had identified their opportunity million... The founder of Starter Story is a reason why some companies tank and escalate... And vegetables, consider buying frozen have reached incredible levels of success, asset prices take a look the. He was selling around $ 225,00, and put them in front of you to hit millionaire headlines because! Change in direction in place to execute a change in direction pandemic, to... They dont make a decision at all peoples lives nearly every day, or at least once a.! Time for the more modern economic downturns between $ 5 million and $ 10 a good time to buy Inspiring! State, etc super-rich declined to join the Patriotic millionaires when the economys in tough! How and where listings appear, etc the world are millionaires, according to the crisis! Strategies that founders are actually using up from 2.8 million the his money somewhere else Great Depression than in other!
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