The Georgia Department of Driver Services serves the public by offering commercial and regular passenger vehicle drivers licenses, driver's permits, and state identification cards. Tourist attractions include more than 2,000 mineral springs, over 12,000 historical and cultural monuments, four of which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Bagrati Cathedral in Kutaisi and Gelati Monastery, historical monuments of Mtskheta, and Upper Svaneti). [114] In an interview published in Kommersant, South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity said he would not allow Georgians to return. Political tensions with Russia have contributed to the 2006 Russian embargo of Georgian wine, Russia claimed Georgia produced counterfeit wine. [309], The special status of the Georgian Orthodox Church is officially recognized in the Constitution of Georgia and the Concordat of 2002, although religious institutions are separate from the state. The region between Kazbek and Shkhara (a distance of about 200km (124mi) along the Main Caucasus Range) is dominated by numerous glaciers. The country has sizeable hydropower resources. Companies in Georgia don't just grow, they change the landscape. [349] Wrestling remains a historically important sport of Georgia, and some historians think that the Greco-Roman style of wrestling incorporates many Georgian elements. [23], Today the official name of the country is Georgia, as specified in the Georgian constitution which reads "Georgia is the name of the state of Georgia. [305][c] The Georgian Orthodox Church is one of the world's most ancient Christian Churches, and claims apostolic foundation by Saint Andrew. [100] However, escalating assaults against Georgian villages (located in the South Ossetian conflict zone) were soon matched with gunfire from Georgian troops,[101][102] who then proceeded to move in the direction of the capital of the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia (Tskhinvali) on the night of 8 August, reaching its centre in the morning of 8 August. In turn, this has allowed them to benefit in recent years from increased energy exports from neighbouring Azerbaijan to the European Union, Ukraine, and Turkey. [179] After its independence from the Soviet Union, Georgia began to develop its own military industry. Notable painters from the 20th century include Niko Pirosmani, Lado Gudiashvili, Elene Akhvlediani; notable ballet choreographers include George Balanchine, Vakhtang Chabukiani, and Nino Ananiashvili; notable poets include Galaktion Tabidze, Lado Asatiani, and Mukhran Machavariani; and notable theatre and film directors include Robert Sturua, Tengiz Abuladze, Giorgi Danelia, and Otar Ioseliani. [71], From 1803 to 1878, as a result of numerous Russian wars now against Ottoman Turkey, several of Georgia's previously lost territories such as Adjara were recovered, and also incorporated into the empire. [15] Georgia probably stems from the Persian designation of the Georgians gurn, in the 11th and 12th centuries adapted via Syriac gurz-n/gurz-iyn and Arabic uran/urzan. Main exports are ores, ferro-alloys, vehicles, wines, mineral waters and fertilizers. [272][273], Air and maritime transport is developing in Georgia, with the former mainly used by passengers and the latter for transport of freight. At present, the forest cover generally remains outside of the low-lying areas and is mainly located along the foothills and the mountains. [31] In 2013, UNESCO added the ancient traditional Georgian winemaking method using the Kvevri clay jars to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[31][32]. Georgia (country) Coordinates: 4200N 4330E Georgia ( Georgian: , romanized: Sakartvelo; IPA: [skrtvl] ( listen)) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The true total number of fungal species occurring in Georgia, including species not yet recorded, is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about seven per cent of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered. Out of the deciduous species of trees, beech, oak, and hornbeam dominate. [119] Russian forces left the buffer areas bordering Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 8 October, and the European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia was dispatched to the buffer areas. One of the most famous late 19th/early 20th century Georgian artists was primitivist painter Niko Pirosmani. The species number of invertebrates is considered to be very high but data is distributed across a high number of publications. It is the chief cultural, educational, industrial and economic center of Georgia. The penetration of humid air masses from the Black Sea is often blocked by mountain ranges (Likhi and Meskheti) that separate the eastern and western parts of the nation. In 1783, one of the Georgian kingdoms entered into an alliance with the Russian Empire, which proceeded to annex the territory of modern Georgia in a piecemeal fashion throughout the 19th century. The climate of the region varies significantly with elevation and while much of the lowland areas of western Georgia are relatively warm throughout the year, the foothills and mountainous areas (including both the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains) experience cool, wet summers and snowy winters (snow cover often exceeds 2 metres or 6feet 7inches in many regions). It was the last direct election of a Georgian president, as additional constitutional reforms removed the popular vote. In Greek mythology, Colchis was the location of the Golden Fleece sought by Jason and the Argonauts in Apollonius Rhodius' epic tale Argonautica. Michael W. Hughey, Springer, Mar 29, 2016. Before sharing sensitive or personal information, make sure youre on an official state website. Against the expectations of the then ruling United National Movement (UNM) of president Mikheil Saakashvili, the 6-party opposition coalition around newly found Georgian Dream won the parliamentary elections in October 2012, bringing an end to nine years of UNM rule and marking the first peaceful, electoral, transfer of power in Georgia. As in the western parts of the nation, elevation plays an important role in eastern Georgia where climatic conditions above 1,500 metres (4,921ft) are considerably colder than in the low-lying areas. According to United Nations data, this totalled 625,000 by 2000, declining to 450,000 by 2019. Georgia puts it all within reach, and there is no one Georgia experience. [citation needed] The military budget of Georgia for 2021 is 900 ($280) million. Despite the Soviet takeover, Zhordania was recognized as the legitimate head of the Georgian Government by France, UK, Belgium, and Poland through the 1930s. After obtaining independence for the state, the matter of church independence became the main problem. [152] Georgia also maintains political, economic, and military relations with France,[153] Germany,[154] Israel,[155] Japan,[156] South Korea,[157] Sri Lanka,[158] Turkey,[159] Ukraine,[160] the United States,[161] and many other countries. [339], Georgia has an ancient musical tradition, which is primarily known for its early development of polyphony. Georgia (country) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to content Search Create account Create account Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more Talk Contributions Getting around Main page Simple start Simple talk New changes Show any page Help Contact us Give to Wikipedia About Wikipedia Tools What links here Related changes [216] In addition, another territory not officially autonomous has also declared independence. The highest mountain in Georgia is Mount Shkhara at 5,068 metres (16,627ft), and the second highest is Mount Janga (DzhangiTau) at 5,059m (16,598ft) above sea level. [228] A number of large carnivores live in the forests, namely Brown bears, wolves, lynxes and Caucasian Leopards. Notice of Intent to Amend Rule 480-10-.01. [337], Television, magazines, and newspapers in Georgia are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. [290] Initially the out-migration was driven by non-Georgian ethnicities but increasing numbers of Georgians emigrated as well,[291] due to the war, the crisis-ridden 1990s, and the subsequent bad economic outlook. For much of the 20th century, Georgia's economy was within the Soviet model of command economy. Local, state, and federal government websites often end in .gov. In contrast with western Georgia, nearly 85 per cent of the forests of the region are deciduous. [109] Russian forces occupied Georgian cities beyond the disputed territories. Those who disagreed were temporarily arrested. [295] On the other hand, at least 160,000 Georgians left Abkhazia after the break-out of hostilities in 1993. Ranking fourth among the U.S. states east of the Mississippi River in terms of total area (though first in terms of land area) and by many years the youngest of the 13 former English colonies, Georgia was founded in 1732, at which time its boundaries were even largerincluding much of the present-day states of Alabama and Mississippi. [236] It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.79/10, ranking it 31st globally out of 172 countries.[237]. Soviet rule was firmly established only after the insurrection was swiftly defeated. [238] Throughout Georgia's modern history agriculture and tourism have been principal economic sectors, because of the country's climate and topography. [173] On 2 October 2006, Georgia and the European Union signed a joint statement on the agreed text of the GeorgiaEuropean Union Action Plan within the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The biggest part, 72% of the military budget is allocated for maintaining defence forces readiness and potency development. referred to early western Georgians as Colchians and eastern Georgians as Iberians (Iberoi, in some Greek sources). [52] Tamar was given the title "king of kings" (mepe mepeta). Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}4200N 4330E / 42.000N 43.500E / 42.000; 43.500. Supported by a powerful military lite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessors to consolidate an empire which dominated the Caucasus, and extended over large parts of present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia, and eastern Turkey as well as parts of northern Iran,[53] until its collapse under the Mongol attacks within two decades after Tamar's death in 1213.[54]. [333], The Georgian language, and the Classical Georgian literature of the poet Shota Rustaveli, were revived in the 19th century after a long period of turmoil, laying the foundations of the romantics and novelists of the modern era such as Grigol Orbeliani, Nikoloz Baratashvili, Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, and Vazha-Pshavela. [288] The population of Georgia, including the breakaway regions, has declined by more than 1 million due to net emigration in the period 19902010. 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