The process of any of claims 6-26, wherein the separating of the liquid phase of the first slurry from the solid phase includes a washing process performed at temperatures between ambient and about 85C. It reacts with both acids and bases to form salts. Such modified or derivative, precipitated oxide precursors are included within the scope of the terms, precipitated zinc oxide precursor, and precipitated aluminum oxide precursor, as those terms are used herein. 6,951,635, where ammonium hydroxide is used as a base and the coprecipitation process occurs at around room temperature, metal concentration and solution temperature should be carefully monitored throughout the co-precipitation process described herein. Neutralization is a reaction in which removal of alkalinity or acidity occurs. Modern applications for PbO are mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components. about 5.8 The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. portugal vs italy world cup qualifiers 2022. la liga 2012 13 standings. 6,951,635, the attrition resistant zinc oxide-based sorbent of the invention is prepared by spray drying a slurry which comprises a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide (alumina) precursor. NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS, Owner name: Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer, 20 Best free fitness apps for Android devices. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Alkalis are able to react with water, whereas bases cannot. Add deionized (DI) H. Mechanically mix salt slurry to make sure that all salts are dissolved and a clear solution is obtained. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHEN, JIAN-PING;NORMAN, JASON S.;TURK, BRIAN S.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20180730 TO 20180911;REEL/FRAME:060521/0769, Free format text: Moreover, these sorbent compositions are regenerable, and can readily be produced with the necessary reactivity, stability and mechanical strength properties and in suitable physical form and size, allowing their use across the temperature range above in fluidized-bed, including transport-bed, reactors. The calcined sorbent was loaded in a reactor and repetitively exposed to a syngas containing sulfur (as H. During sulfidation of the sorbent, the following reaction occurs: The loading capacity is relatively constant and near the theoretical loading capacity and also indicates stable performance of the material through multiple cycles, as shown in. In another embodiment, the diameter of the sphere in the X-axis is within about 25% of the diameter in the Y-axis or the Z-axis. forming a first slurry by combining an aqueous solution of a zinc oxide precursor and aluminum oxide precursor with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such that the solids content comprises a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor, said precipitated zinc oxide precursor and said precipitated aluminum oxide precursor being present in an amount, calculated as ZnO, and Al. Most metals have low ionization energies, th. On adding acid to alkali the pH decreases due to the removal of alkali. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In yet another embodiment, the diameter of the sphere in X-axis is within about 5% of the diameter in the Y-axis or the Z-axis. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as solely, only and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or the use of a negative limitation. APPLICATION DISPATCHED FROM PREEXAM, NOT YET DOCKETED, Free format text: Answer: An alkali solution is basic, and so are basic metal oxides. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the disclosure. The process of any of claims 6-8, wherein the active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles comprise zinc oxide grains less than 50 nm diameter. 5. As will be apparent to the skilled artisan, other treatments which modify the chemical identity of the oxide precursor(s) may also be applied to the oxide precursors, as long as the modified precursor, (or precursors), is readily convertible to the final oxide product(s) by calcinations. Oxide + Acid Nitrate. Calculate water to be added to make 10 wt % solid loading slurry: Metal Oxide (g)/(Wet Cake Weight (g)+X)=0.10, where X is the amount of water to be needed. ZnO + 2 HNO3 = Zn(NO3)2 +H2O, ZnO + HNO3 -> ZnNO3 + H2O The use of extremely small non-oxide precursors, allows mixing of the zinc and aluminum components at a near-molecular level prior to formation of any sorbent structure whatsoever. The active zinc component is a two-phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl. . There are many misconceptions about what an alkali and base is. These desired ranges for the alkali metal are 25 to 2500 parts per million by weight (ppmw), preferably 50 to 1000 ppmw, and most preferably 75 to 750 ppmw. For zinc the pH value was about 5.8, for nickel 6.3, and for copper 4.5. The process of claim 14, wherein said additional material is present in amount selected to provide fluidizable, attrition resistant, active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles containing at least about 90 wt% of said two-phase components consisting essentially of a zinc oxide phase and a zinc aluminate phase. To know differences between other topics in chemistry you can register to BYJUs or download our app for simple and interesting content. In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the slurry is further treated with sufficient strong acid to reduce the pH to less than 5.0, preferably to 4.0 to 4.5. Thus, the terms sorbent, sorbents sorbent compositions, sorbent materials and the like, are used hereinafter to refer to the active zinc component except in those specific instances in which the disclosure is specifically directed to compositions including one or more of the optional promoter or inert components. 8. In an effort to minimize the production of ammonia-containing wastes for environmental reasons, we began to investigate alternative processes for the production of similar zinc oxide-based sorbents using other non-ammonia based hydroxides and carbonates of alkali metals. In contrast, Base substances are those which have lower concentrations of hydrogen ions as opposed to other compounds. Which is more acidic zinc sulphate or zinc hydroxide? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Zinc oxide is a chemical compound having the chemical formula ZnO. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. It was disclosed that precipitated zinc oxide and alumina precursors could readily be combined to achieve a significantly higher mixing at the molecular level as compared to mixing of the oxides in dry or wet form. 26. An alkali is not the same as a base, and they do not have very similar properties. Heat metal salt solution to 50-70 C., and maintain this temperature for the duration of the co-precipitation reaction. 6,951,635. Sufficient distilled water is added to reslurry the washed cake and to provide a second slurry. In a preferred embodiment of U.S. Pat. 2021 The Master Chemistry. It is not an alkali because it does not dissolve in water. The process of any of claims 6-28, wherein said spray dried particles are calcined at about 500C to about 900C. This means that an Alkaline substance will have a higher concentration of Hydrogen ions compared to another compound. State and explain whether zinc oxide is a base, an alkali, or both.. The process of any of claims 6-8, wherein the active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles comprise zinc oxide grains about 10 nm to about 40 nm diameter. More specifically, the disclosure relates to attrition resistant, fluidizable, zinc oxide-based sorbents, and to processes for making and using them. The use of precipitated intermediates, which typically have an extremely small particle size, promotes enhanced mixing and uniform distribution of the zinc oxide and zinc aluminate phases in the active zinc sorbent component, and also promotes formation of small crystallite phases in the active zinc component. Examples of bases include copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and ammonia (NH3). Alkaline / intermediate solution is the same as base / simple solution. density, crush strength, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form, Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating, Thermal treatment, e.g. These attrition-resistant, zinc oxide-based sorbents were prepared by converting a precursor mixture comprising a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor to the two-phase, active zinc oxide-containing component. This disclosure relates to zinc-oxide-based sorbents, and to the processes for preparing and using these sorbents. (500 Angstroms). An alkali is a basic, soluble hydroxide of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Zinc Hydroxide is a weak base. State and explain whether zinc oxide is a base, an alkali, or both. No, not all bases are alkalis. The process of any of claims 6-16, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide. National Library of Medicine. The process of any of claims 6-19, wherein the residual sodium level in the solid phase is between 50 parts per million by weight of sodium and 1000 parts per million by weight of sodium. The base does not dissolve into water. In yet another embodiment, the diameter of the sphere in the X-axis is within about 10% of the diameter in the Y-axis or the Z-axis. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04, Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. bishop wayne t jackson daughter; is zinc oxide a base or alkali. Venditore Affidabilit Top . separating the liquid phase of the first slurry from the solid phase by a separating means; washing the filtered solid phase with water, preferably deionized water, to achieve a residual sodium level in the solid phase of between 25 parts per million by weight of sodium and 2500 parts per million by weight of sodium; treating the separated solid material from the first slurry with water and concentrated acid to generate a second slurry wherein the pH of the second slurry is adjusted with acid to be between 3.5 and 5.0; spray drying the second slurry to form spray dried particles; and. particle shape, diameter, Characterization of reaction between zinc oxide and hydrogen sulfide, Stability of zinc oxide high-temperature desulfurization sorbents for reduction, Zinc oxide-based adsorbents using alkali metal hydroxides and methods for making and using them, Zinc oxide-based adsorbent using alkali metal hydroxide, and its preparation and use process, Zinc oxide-based adsorbents using alkali metal hydroxides, and processes for making and using the same, Zinc oxide based sorbent and process for preparing same, Zinc oxide-based sorbents and processes for preparing and using same, Silicate-resistant desulfurization sorbent, Process for preparing zinc oxide-based sorbents, Improvements in or relating to the treatment of gases containing sulphur, Desulfurizing agent and method for regenerating same, PROCESS FOR PREPARING A CATALYST BASED ON ZINC ALUMINATE AND CATALYST OBTAINED, For from gaseous hydrocarbon remove sulphur compound catalyst composition, manufacture their method and uses thereof, A kind of zinc oxide material and preparation method containing gahnite, Zinc oxide-based sorbents and process for preparing and using same, Composition useful as sulfur absorption for fluid streams, Method for preparing nanometer calcium carbonate slurry by using waste gypsum as calcium sources, products and application, A kind of middle low temperature SCR denitration titanium molybdenum composite powder and preparation method thereof, TiO2 nanotube-supported V2O5 catalysts for selective NO reduction by NH3, NO x removal by selective catalytic reduction with ammonia over hydrotalcite-derived NiTi mixed oxide, Regenerable sorbents for removal of sulfur from hydrocarbons and processes for their preparation and use, Method for preparing adsorption material and method for extracting lithium from salt solution by using adsorption material, Method for preparing modified attapulgite sulfur-transfer additive, Manganese oxide-based and metallomanganese oxide-based ion-exchangers for removing mercury (+2) ions from liquid streams, A kind of preparation method of micron order tin dioxide powder, Protective agent for methanol synthesis catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof, Method for producing oxide using beta-manganese dioxide, Influence of monovalent cations and CuO nanoparticles on X-nanozeolite in uranium anionic species separation from contaminated drinking water, Zinc oxide desulfurizer containing zinc-aluminum spinel, Multiple activation mechanisms of CaO-based sorbents promoted by pre-sintering-hydration, Effect of Metal Components on NO Removal Performance of Modified High-Content Iron Fly Ash, Adsorbent and method for producing the same, Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application. Alkali metal oxides are also bases and when dissolved in water, they form an alkaline solution. In particular, the zinc-oxide based sorbents of this disclosure have been found capable of reducing the combined H. The zinc-oxide based sorbents are employed in transport reactor systems in preferred process embodiments. For purposes of these calculations, the zinc aluminate phase, ZnAl. 29. Conventional spray drying processes and apparatus are well known to those skilled in the art. [O-][N+]([O-])=O, PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL, CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. 121-53-PROV2, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. It is an amphoteric oxide. Alkalis are characterized by their ability to neutralize acids and form metal oxides when reacting with water. 2 it can be seen that the inherent pH of the zinc oxide suspension at pH=7.2 is very stable. Alkali and base are two important concepts in chemistry that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct properties. Potassium hydroxide is used in agriculture to make acid soil more alkaline so that plants grow stronger in it, and is also used in alkaline, Ni-Cd, and Ni-MH batteries as the electrolyte. Following are some important properties of bases: The base interacts with the acid to neutralise it. density, crush strength, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form, Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating, Thermal treatment, e.g. Find notes, question papers for other subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Biology and various competitive exams as well. Sodium vs salt, What is the difference between steel and aluminum? [O-][N+]([O-])=O, PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL, CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. For the fluidizable, attrition-resistant sorbent above, the residual sodium level in the solid phase is in the range of between about 50 parts per million by weight of sodium and about 1000 parts per million by weight of sodium. when an acid reacts with a metal, they form water molecules along with hydrogen gas which bubbles to the top in large amounts making it easy to tell if you have one or both components present. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Free format text: This usually means that bases are stronger than acids because there are fewer acidic hydrogens available for reaction compared to basic ones provided by metals. It can be found in rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes. However, it will be understood that numerous variations and modifications can be made without departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the foregoing detailed disclosure and defined in the appended claims. Zinc oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and water. But amphoteric oxides react with both acids and alkalis to form salts. Titrant vs. Titrand: Understanding the Difference, Difference between forensic chemistry and forensic toxicology, Difference between dropping funnel and separating funnel you never knew, What is the Difference Between Electron and Beta Particle? This technique, as will be known to the skilled artisan, can enhance stabilization of the physical and chemical properties of the sorbent during its subsequent use. Moreover, the zinc-oxide based sorbents of the disclosure are capable of retaining their high reactivity, and high attrition resistance over a substantial number of absorption-regeneration cycles conducted in accord with preferred sorbent regeneration process embodiments of the disclosure which are carried out at temperatures in the range of between about 1000 F. and about 1500 F. (about 538 C. to about 816 C.), preferably within the range of between about 1000 F. and about 1450 F. (about 538 C. and about 788 C.). CONFIRMATORY LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE;REEL/FRAME:055029/0922, Free format text: The decrease of the final pH with time can be explained by a small dissolution of the zinc oxide or surface hydroxide Zn(OH)2(S) and the formation of different zinc species. This means that these substances dissolve easily in water. For example, about 40 [units] may mean within 25% of 40 (e.g., from 30 to 50), within 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, less than 1%, or any other value or range of values therein or there below. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Zinc oxide (when it is slightly dissoved in water) is a base but ALSO an acid, though very weak. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. How to use: Gunakan dalam jumlah mencukupi secara merata di permukaan kulit. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The final reported crystallite size for each crystalline phase is the crystallite size calculated by the Jade software for the most intense peaks for the zinc oxide and zinc aluminate phases. These inflection points were also present when the logarithm of the metal concentration was plotted against pH. ZnO reacts with hydrochloric acid forming zinc chloride and water. ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG. Not all bases are alkali but all alkali is base. . So an alkali is a sort of foundation. The sample is scanned from 5 to 70 degrees 2. When they react with acids, they form salt molecules and water. 21. The process of claim 29, wherein said spray dried particles are calcined at about 600C to about 800C. In one embodiment, reduced sulfur species is H. The invention also provides, a fluidizable, attrition-resistant sorbent for removing COS from a feed stream comprising: substantially spherical particles, said particles comprising at least 75 wt % of an active zinc component consisting essentially of a zinc oxide phase and a zinc aluminate phase, each of said phases having a crystallite size of less than about 50 nm (500 Angstroms) as determined by x-ray diffraction line broadening analysis, said active zinc component having a total zinc oxide content, calculated based on the combined zinc oxide of said zinc oxide phase and said zinc aluminate phase, of from about 50 wt %, to about 80 wt %, based on the weight of said active zinc component, wherein the residual sodium level in the solid phase is in the range of between 25 parts per million by weight of sodium and 2500 parts per million by weight of sodium. In preferred embodiments, the attrition resistant, zinc oxide-based sorbent compositions of the disclosure have a compacted bulk density exceeding 1 g/cm, According to another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing attrition resistant, zinc oxide-based sorbent compositions by converting a mixture of precipitated zinc oxide and aluminum oxide precursors to the two-phase, active zinc component using alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal carbonates. Zinc oxide based sorbents using alkali metal hydroxides and processes for preparing and using same, Application filed by Research Triangle Institute, Assigned to UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. 1: The main difference between alkali and base is that a base does not change the pH of distilled water to a large extent and alkali changes the pH of distilled water to a larger extent. 17. PubChem . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Dkt. No. Continue to stir and maintain temperature of the precipitated mixture between 50 and 70 C. for another 30 min. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications of the disclosure are within the scope of the claims set forth below. It is a base that dissolves in water. Typically, the slurry containing the intermediates which is used for spray drying, has 75 to 90 weight percent weight loss on ignition at a temperature of 500 C. or greater. To make you understand how alkali and base are different from each other, here are some of the major differences between alkali and base: These were some of the important differences between Alkali and base. 6,951,635 describes the synthesis and characterization of various zinc-containing substances and the use of these substances for the removal of reduced sulfur species, particularly H, The described active zinc component disclosed by Gangwal et al., is a two-phase material consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl, These materials remove the reduced sulfur components from a warm gas stream at temperatures as low as 400 F. (204 C.) and at temperatures as high as 1000 F. (538 C.) and thus provide a substantial degree of flexibility allowing removal of undesirable sulfur components from a feed gas in a selected temperature range. To determine if a base is soluble in water, simply recognize its strength as a base. In turn, the final zinc oxide-based sorbent was disclosed to contain a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl, U.S. Pat. Zinc oxide is insoluble in water. Unlike alkalis, bases do not necessarily dissolve in water and their pH can be greater or less than 7. Watch the video to better understand the difference between alkali and bases. Answer (1 of 2): Before you read this answer please review solubility rules and understand how Zinc Hydroxide is amphoteric in chemical reactions. 23. Simply it can be said that ZnO is a base. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. AWAITING TC RESP, ISSUE FEE PAYMENT VERIFIED, Free format text: For the sorbent generated by U.S. Pat. Simply it can be said that ZnO is a base. Preferably the spray drying conditions are adjusted to provide green spray dried particles of a size such that at least 80 percent by volume of the particles have a diameter between 50 and 255 m. Zinc hydroxide and copper oxide are examples of bases. For example, zinc oxide acts as an acidic oxide when it reacts with concentrated sodium hydroxide. This is because alkalis have a pH of greater than seven and can therefore ionize in an aqueous environment, allowing them to react with other substances such as H20 molecules. What is alkali used for? State and explain whether zinc oxide is a base, an alkali, or both.. Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide that is insoluble in water. Biore UV Fresh & Bright Instant Cover memproteksi dari sinar UV dengan SPF 50 dan PA+++, correct skin problem dengan kandungan Niacinamide dan Vit E, Perfect look dengan Instant Coverage yang mampu menyamarkan noda hitam dan kulit belang juga sebagai base make up. Bases can raise the pH more drastically than an equal weight/volume of any other common chemical besides strong acids like sulfuric acid. 3: The third difference between alkali and base is that alkalis do not conduct electricity in the same way that bases do. There are many bases that are insoluble-they are not dissolving in water. Basically, they are both aqueous solutions. Mix the cake with water (X) in the plastic beaker for at least 30 minutes. Why bases are called alkali? 9. Preferably the sorbents are prepared by using an alkali metal base to convert a precursor mixture, containing a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a . Types of bases are a strong base and a weak base. In addition, the high surface area and preferred uniform mixing of the precursors allows the formation of zinc aluminate using less harsh calcinations conditions than are required by conventional zinc aluminate forming processes which involve a solid-state reaction between alumina and zinc oxide. The raw data generated by the Shimadzu XRD-6000 V4.1 software is reformatted by a python language program as suitable input for software for interpreting and analyzing the XRD diffraction patterns. No. The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or in context rare-earth oxides, and sometimes the lanthanides (yttrium and scandium are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly-indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals. The operation and data collection of the Shimadzu 6000 is controlled by Shimadzu XRD-6000 V4.1 software. Typically, the calcining temperature exceeds 300 C., and is preferably a temperature exceeding 500 C., more preferably 600 C. or higher. Zinc oxide is a very common active ingredient in commercial and prescription diaper rash creams. The active zinc component is a two-phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl. Precipitated zinc oxide and alumina precursors can readily be combined to achieve a significantly higher mixing at the molecular level as compared to mixing of the oxides. Zinc oxide is a base, because it reacts with an acid to form a salt and water. Different ways of protective coating formation are proposed. During reaction with water, Group 2 metals also form bases and their oxides are basic and found in the earths crust. No. The process of claim 13, wherein said additional material is present in amount selected to provide fluidizable, attrition resistant, active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles Compounds containing rare earths have diverse applications in electrical and electronic components, lasers, glass, magnetic . Metals Zinc, Tin, Lead, Aluminium, Beryllium form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides). The process of any of claims 6-7, wherein said zinc oxide constitutes at least about 50 wt% of the total solids content of said zinc oxide precursor and said aluminum oxide precursor in said slurry. said active zinc component having a total zinc oxide content, calculated based on the combined zinc oxide of said zinc oxide phase and said zinc aluminate phase, of from about 50 wt %, to about 80 wt %, based on the weight of said active zinc component, wherein the residual sodium level in the solid phase is in the range of between 25 parts per million by weight of sodium and 2500 parts per million by weight of sodium.