[167][169] His successor, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, transferred the sarcophagus to Alexandria, where it remained until at least late Antiquity. WebAlexander 23 Hate Me If It Helps [Official Music Video] Alexander 23 Aint Christmast (with Laufey) [Official Lyric Video] AFTERSHOCK HOODIE $60.00. Alexander endeavored to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC, achieving an important victory over Porus, an ancient Indian king of present-day Punjab, at the Battle of the Hydaspes. Alexander of Aphrodisias. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. [205][206][207], Many scholars and historians attribute heterochromia to him. [272] The close association of men from across Greece in Alexander's army directly led to the emergence of the largely Attic-based "koine", or "common" Greek dialect. [125][126] Choosing a local helped him control these lands so distant from Greece. [23][26][27][28] This gave the Macedonian court a good knowledge of Persian issues, and may even have influenced some of the innovations in the management of the Macedonian state. [310] In this tradition, he was a heroic figure who built a wall to defend against the nations of Gog and Magog. [271], The core of the Hellenistic culture promulgated by the conquests was essentially Athenian. [110], When Alexander set out for Asia, he left his general Antipater, an experienced military and political leader and part of Philip II's "Old Guard", in charge of Macedon. "[102], Alexander viewed Bessus as a usurper and set out to defeat him. Alexander III of Macedon, better known as Alexander the Great (l. 21 July 356 BCE 10 or 11 June 323 BCE, r. 336-323 BCE), was the son of King Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BCE) who became king upon his father's death in 336 BCE and then conquered most of the known world of his day.. City of Alexander, North Dakota 58831. top of page. [42] Olympias and several of Alexander's friends suggested this showed Philip intended to make Arrhidaeus his heir. [212][213] Reconstruction of the original polychromy of the relief with Alexander on the sarcophagus shows him with brown eyes and chestnut brown hair. Many of these areas remained in Macedonian hands or under Greek influence for the next 200300 years. In the aftermath of Massaga and Ora, numerous Assakenians fled to the fortress of Aornos. After the assassination of Perdiccas in 321BC, Macedonian unity collapsed, and 40years of war between "The Successors" (Diadochi) ensued before the Hellenistic world settled into four stable power blocs: Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Mesopotamia and Central Asia, Attalid Anatolia, and Antigonid Macedon. [159] Veratrum album poisoning can have a prolonged course and it was suggested that if Alexander was poisoned, Veratrum album offers the most plausible cause. According to Diodorus, Alexander's last plans called for military expansion into the southern and western Mediterranean, monumental constructions, and the intermixing of Eastern and Western populations. CITY PARK. [261], The city of Pella, in modern Jordan, was founded by veterans of Alexander's army, and named it after the city of Pella, in Greece, which was the birthplace of Alexander. [132], As for the Macedonians, however, their struggle with Porus blunted their courage and stayed their further advance into India. [13] Plutarch stated that Philip, overjoyed at this display of courage and ambition, kissed his son tearfully, declaring: "My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. Alexander immediately headed south. Leaving Egypt in 331BC, Alexander marched eastward into Achaemenid Assyria in Upper Mesopotamia (now northern Iraq) and defeated Darius again at the Battle of Gaugamela. His troops misunderstood his intention and mutinied at the town of Opis. Trending. [22], During his youth, Alexander was also acquainted with Persian exiles at the Macedonian court, who received the protection of Philip II for several years as they opposed Artaxerxes III. [13] According to the ancient Greek biographer Plutarch, on the eve of the consummation of her marriage to Philip, Olympias dreamed that her womb was struck by a thunderbolt that caused a flame to spread "far and wide" before dying away. [144] Hephaestion's death devastated Alexander and he ordered the preparation of an expensive funeral pyre in Babylon along with a decree for public mourning. With the Athenians lost, the Thebans were surrounded. [310], The figure of Dhul-Qarnayn (literally "the Two-Horned One") mentioned in the Quran is believed by scholars to be based on later legends of Alexander. [223] Nevertheless, Plutarch described how Alexander was infatuated by Roxana while complimenting him on not forcing himself on her. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. [108], Later, in the Central Asian campaign, a second plot against his life was revealed, this one instigated by his own royal pages. It was also said that on this day, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, burnt down. He continued the tradition of writing close commentaries on Aristotles work established in the first century BCE by Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia is known as one of the greatest generals in all history. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military A juicy, generously marbled steak and one of the tenderest cuts of beef. At the time of his death, Alexander's empire covered some 5,200,000km2 (2,000,000sqmi),[257] and was the largest state of its time. Buy Now. [219][222] However, he had little interest in sports or the Olympic Games (unlike his father), seeking only the Homeric ideals of honour (tim) and glory (kudos). [221] He had a calmer sideperceptive, logical, and calculating. Myelin is the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers and promotes the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. WebAlexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia, (born 356 bce, Pella, Macedonia [northwest of Thessalonki, Greece]died June 13, 323 bce, Babylon [near Al-illah, Iraq]), king of Macedonia (336323 bce), who overthrew the Persian empire, carried Macedonian arms to India, and laid the foundations for the Hellenistic world of The satrapies handed out by Perdiccas at the Partition of Babylon became power bases each general used to bid for power. [262], In 334 BC, Alexander the Great donated funds for the completion of the new temple of Athena Polias in Priene, in modern-day western Turkey. Demades likened the Macedonian army, after the death of Alexander, to the blinded Cyclops, due to the many random and disorderly movements that it made. [279][281][282] The Yavanajataka (lit. [131] This river thus marks the easternmost extent of Alexander's conquests. Anthropology. [167][168] According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest "would be happy and unvanquishable forever". Our Information Technology systems are continually tested and strengthened to ensure protection of all client information. "[123] A similar slaughter followed at Ora. ABOUT US. Osprey Publishing. Leycester Coltman, The Real Fidel Castro, p 220. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. [96] The Persian king no longer controlled his own destiny, and was taken prisoner by Bessus, his Bactrian satrap and kinsman. WebAlexander disease is a rare disorder of the nervous system. [102] As early as 334 BC he demonstrated awareness of this, when he challenged incumbent King Darius III "by appropriating the main elements of the Achaemenid monarchy's ideology, particularly the theme of the king who protects the lands and the peasants". Fearing the prospect of facing other large armies and exhausted by years of campaigning, Alexander's army mutinied at the Hyphasis River (Beas), refusing to march farther east. The correct answer is "He is alive and well and rules the world!" on the country in which you live. [266][267], Suda wrote that Alexander built a big temple to Sarapis. [47][48][49], Alexander began his reign by eliminating potential rivals to the throne. [34], After the victory at Chaeronea, Philip and Alexander marched unopposed into the Peloponnese, welcomed by all cities; however, when they reached Sparta, they were refused, but did not resort to war. [61] While the other cities again hesitated, Thebes decided to fight. [114] However, Alexander's constant demands for troops and the migration of Macedonians throughout his empire depleted Macedon's strength, greatly weakening it in the years after Alexander, and ultimately led to its subjugation by Rome after the Third Macedonian War (171168 BC). Several examples of capitals displaying Ionic influences can be seen as far as Patna, especially with the Pataliputra capital, dated to the 3rd century BC. The common soldiers, anxious about his health, were granted the right to file past him as he silently waved at them. [220] He had great self-restraint in "pleasures of the body", in contrast with his lack of self-control with alcohol. [47][49][52], News of Philip's death roused many states into revolt, including Thebes, Athens, Thessaly, and the Thracian tribes north of Macedon. According to the legend, after Alexander hunted on the Mount Pagus, he slept under a plane tree at the sanctuary of Nemesis. Alexanders father, Philip II of Macedon, hired Aristotle, one of historys greatest philosophers,, to educate the 13-year-old prince. Menu. Personal relationships of Alexander the Great, List of cities founded by Alexander the Great, Cultural depictions of Alexander the Great, Italian campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars, Chronology of European exploration of Asia, Theories about Alexander the Great in the Quran, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, "The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anabasis of Alexander, by Arrian", contemporary Babylonian account of the battle of Gaugamela, "a contemporary account of the battle of Gaugamela", "The Anabasis of Alexander; or, The history of the wars and conquests of Alexander the Great. [30], Upon Philip's return, Alexander was dispatched with a small force to subdue the revolts in southern Thrace. [283] The Corinthian order is also heavily represented in the art of Gandhara, especially through Indo-Corinthian capitals. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. [273] Furthermore, town planning, education, local government, and art current in the Hellenistic period were all based on Classical Greek ideals, evolving into distinct new forms commonly grouped as Hellenistic. [299][300], Arrian wrote that Aristobulus said that Alexander named Icarus island (modern Failaka Island) in the Persian Gulf after Icarus island in the Aegean. [117] The silver coinage had a beardless head of Heracles wearing a lionskin headdress on the obverse and Zeus aetophoros ('eagle bearer') enthroned with a scepter in his left hand, on the reverse. We are proud to be a store that reflects our interests and those of our community. He developed a life-long love of reading and [32] Philip marched on Amphissa (ostensibly acting on the request of the Amphictyonic League), capturing the mercenaries sent there by Demosthenes and accepting the city's surrender. [60], While Alexander campaigned north, the Thebans and Athenians rebelled once again. Around AD 200, Emperor Septimius Severus closed Alexander's tomb to the public. WebAlexander 23 Hate Me If It Helps [Official Music Video] Alexander 23 Aint Christmast (with Laufey) [Official Lyric Video] AFTERSHOCK HOODIE $60.00. UPCOMING EVENTS. [295], The diffusion of Greek culture and language cemented by Alexander's conquests in West Asia and North Africa served as a "precondition" for the later Roman expansion into these territories and entire basis for the Byzantine Empire, according to Errington. I HATE ALEXANDER 23 T-SHIRT $35.00. Biology. Alexander then faced the Assakenoi, who fought against him from the strongholds of Massaga, Ora and Aornos. Movies. [65][f] He showed his intent to conquer the entirety of the Persian Empire by throwing a spear into Asian soil and saying he accepted Asia as a gift from the gods. Commerce. [183] Diodorus, Curtius and Justin offered the more plausible story that Alexander passed his signet ring to Perdiccas, a bodyguard and leader of the companion cavalry, in front of witnesses, thereby nominating him. Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20. Pompey the Great adopted the epithet "Magnus" and even Alexander's anastole-type haircut, and searched the conquered lands of the east for Alexander's 260-year-old cloak, which he then wore as a sign of greatness. Chemistry. Alexander then led the League of Corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-Hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all Greeks in their conquest of Persia.[5][6]. There are many alternate spellings of Alexander depending. [241][242], Alexander also had a close relationship with his friend, general, and bodyguard Hephaestion, the son of a Macedonian noble. AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. [19], When Alexander was 13, Philip began to search for a tutor, and considered such academics as Isocrates and Speusippus, the latter offering to resign from his stewardship of the Academy to take up the post. Aelian writes of Alexander's visit to Troy where "Alexander garlanded the tomb of Achilles, and Hephaestion that of Patroclus, the latter hinting that he was a beloved of Alexander, in just the same way as Patroclus was of Achilles. [21], Alexander was able to quote Euripides from memory. [291][292] He began openly mimicking Alexander in his personal style. [149][152] The accounts were nevertheless fairly consistent in designating Antipater, recently removed as Macedonian viceroy and at odds with Olympias, as the head of the alleged plot. [107][260] The first, and greatest, was Alexandria in Egypt, which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities. Buy Now. Vocabulary. [102] Against Bessus (Artaxerxes V) however, Briant adds, Alexander reasserted "his claim to legitimacy as the avenger of Darius III". Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. NVIDIA products provide our clients with more than just the performance they demand - NVIDIA goes above and beyond with an entire ecosystem of software, drivers, and features such as DLSS, Reflex, NVIDIA Broadcast, and more. Alexander responded quickly and drove them from their territory. These only occasionally quote the letters and it is an open question how reliable such quotations are. [20], Mieza was like a boarding school for Alexander and the children of Macedonian nobles, such as Ptolemy, Hephaistion, and Cassander. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the Macedonian Empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the Diadochi. A 1998 article in the New England Journal of Medicine attributed his death to typhoid fever complicated by bowel perforation and ascending paralysis. Left to fight alone, they were defeated. Alexander not only returned Ambhi his title and the gifts but he also presented him with a wardrobe of "Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1,000 talents in gold". Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund,[121] supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality. He lost another child when Roxana miscarried at Babylon. [162], Alexander's body was laid in a gold anthropoid sarcophagus that was filled with honey, which was in turn placed in a gold casket. [130], East of Porus's kingdom, near the Ganges River, was the Nanda Empire of Magadha, and further east, the Gangaridai Empire of Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. [102] Alexander wrote a letter in 332 BC to Darius III, wherein he argued that he was worthier than Darius "to succeed to the Achaemenid throne". The Decadent Emperors: Power and Depravity in Third-Century Rome. Most infamously, Alexander personally killed the man who had saved his life at Granicus, Cleitus the Black, during a violent drunken altercation at Maracanda (modern day Samarkand in Uzbekistan), in which Cleitus accused Alexander of several judgmental mistakes and most especially, of having forgotten the Macedonian ways in favour of a corrupt oriental lifestyle. As a young boy, Alexander was taught to read, write, and play the lyre. More. However, the infantry, under the command of Meleager, rejected this arrangement since they had been excluded from the discussion. Alexander followed close behind and captured the strategic hill-fort after four bloody days. [288][289], Pompey posed as the "new Alexander" since he was his boyhood hero. [129] Philostratus the Elder in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana writes that in the army of Porus there was an elephant who fought brave against Alexander's army and Alexander dedicated it to the Helios (Sun) and named it Ajax, because he thought that a so great animal deserved a great name. Some of these alternate spellings include Alejandro, Alessandro, and Alexzander. We are proud to offer over 125 university level courses that transfer to other universities and colleges in the BCCAT system. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. on the country in which you live. [223], Alexander was erudite and patronized both arts and sciences. [204], Historians have understood the detail of the pleasant odour attributed to Alexander as stemming from a belief in ancient Greece that pleasant scents are characteristic of gods and heroes. Chemistry. [16] Alexander was raised in the manner of noble Macedonian youths, learning to read, play the lyre, ride, fight, and hunt. [170], While Alexander's funeral cortege was on its way to Macedon, Ptolemy seized it and took it temporarily to Memphis. [7], Alexander III was born in Pella, the capital of the Kingdom of Macedon,[8] on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month of Hekatombaion, which probably corresponds to 20 July 356 BC (although the exact date is uncertain). [23][24][25] Among them were Artabazos II and his daughter Barsine, possible future mistress of Alexander, who resided at the Macedonian court from 352 to 342 BC, as well as Amminapes, future satrap of Alexander, or a Persian nobleman named Sisines. Menu. [116] Alexander minted gold staters, silver tetradrachms and drachims, and various fractional bronze coins. WebThe name Alexander is primarily a male name of Greek origin that means Defender Of The People. [83] Darius once more fled the field, and Alexander chased him as far as Arbela. The famous encounter between Alexander and Diogenes the Cynic occurred during Alexander's stay in Corinth. [216] Alexander's mother Olympia similarly had huge ambitions, and encouraged her son to believe it was his destiny to conquer the Persian Empire. [14], On the day Alexander was born, Philip was preparing a siege on the city of Potidea on the peninsula of Chalcidice. Alexander III 'the Great'. [263] The temple was designed by Pytheos, one of the architects of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Alexander personally defeated the Scythians at the Battle of Jaxartes and immediately launched a campaign against Spitamenes, defeating him in the Battle of Gabai. Philip was then named Hegemon (often translated as "Supreme Commander") of this league (known by modern scholars as the League of Corinth), and announced his plans to attack the Persian Empire. [314] He then travelled the known world in search of the Water of Life and Immortality, eventually becoming a prophet. [275] Several Buddhist traditions may have been influenced by the ancient Greek religion: the concept of Boddhisatvas is reminiscent of Greek divine heroes,[278] and some Mahayana ceremonial practices (burning incense, gifts of flowers, and food placed on altars) are similar to those practised by the ancient Greeks; however, similar practices were also observed amongst the native Indic culture. Alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a Greek invasion of Arabia. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. Diodorus, Plutarch, Arrian and Justin all mentioned the theory that Alexander was poisoned. [67] In the following year, 332BC, he was forced to attack Tyre, which he captured after a long and difficult siege. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. This included commissioning sculptures by Lysippos, paintings by Apelles and gem engravings by Pyrgoteles. This system is the primary tool for students, and is used for many of the Colleges administrative functions and services, including: Admissions apply to AC, check your application status. [12], Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. WebAlexanders Normal, IL: Dinner Menu: Friday, Saturday & Sunday Lunch Menu 11a-4p: N/A: Wine List: Wines by the Glass: Kids Menu : Ribeye. Though outmanoeuvered by Darius's significantly larger army, he marched back to Cilicia, where he defeated Darius at Issus. [120], After Aornos, Alexander crossed the Indus and fought and won an epic battle against King Porus, who ruled a region lying between the Hydaspes and the Acesines (Chenab), in what is now the Punjab, in the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326BC. [78] He was pronounced son of the deity Amun at the Oracle of Siwa Oasis in the Libyan desert. [180], Alexander's death was so sudden that when reports of his death reached Greece, they were not immediately believed. [101] However, as basic forms of community life and the general structure of government were maintained and resuscitated by Alexander under his own rule, he, in the words of the Iranologist Pierre Briant "may therefore be considered to have acted in many ways as the last of the Achaemenids. [181] According to Diodorus, Alexander's companions asked him on his deathbed to whom he bequeathed his kingdom; his laconic reply was "ti kratisti""to the strongest". Athens sued for peace and Alexander pardoned the rebels. In addition to speech works, sculptures and paintings, in modern times Alexander is still the subject of musical and cinematic works. [75], When Alexander destroyed Tyre, most of the towns on the route to Egypt quickly capitulated. Tarsos mint. Campaigning against the Greek city of Perinthus, Alexander reportedly saved his father's life. AFTERSHOCK T-SHIRT $36.00. This also showed Alexander's eagerness to fight, in contrast to his father's preference for diplomacy. [169] Perhaps more likely, the successors may have seen possession of the body as a symbol of legitimacy, since burying the prior king was a royal prerogative. When news of the revolts reached Alexander, he responded quickly. WebAlexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. [195] Alexander personally led the charge in the center, routing the opposing army. [149] Another theory is that his successors wilfully or erroneously misheard "ti Krateri""to Craterus", the general leading his Macedonian troops home and newly entrusted with the regency of Macedonia. Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). [143] During his visit to Pasargadae, Alexander ordered his architect Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Cyrus's tomb. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. [258] This process can be seen in such great Hellenistic cities as Alexandria, Antioch[269] and Seleucia (south of modern Baghdad). In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Persian Empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. Having damaged the enemy's cohesion, Philip ordered his troops to press forward and quickly routed them. [269] Aspects of Hellenistic culture were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century.[274]. When the Thessalians awoke the next day, they found Alexander in their rear and promptly surrendered, adding their cavalry to Alexander's force. The Macedonians were a Greek tribe. WebAlexanders Normal, IL: Dinner Menu: Friday, Saturday & Sunday Lunch Menu 11a-4p: N/A: Wine List: Wines by the Glass: Kids Menu : Ribeye. [297], Pausanias writes that Alexander wanted to dig through the Mimas mountain (in today's Karaburun area), but didn't succeed. Myelin is the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers and promotes the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated near Magnesia by the Achaemenids under the command of the mercenary Memnon of Rhodes. [309] In Sunni Islamic Persia, under the influence of the Alexander Romance (in Persian: Iskandarnamah), a more positive portrayal of Alexander emerges. With Anthony Hopkins, David Bedella, Jessie Kamm, Angelina Jolie. [36][37], When Philip returned to Pella, he fell in love with and married Cleopatra Eurydice in 338 BC,[38] the niece of his general Attalus.