The Nathan Bedford Forrest Statue was a 25 feet (7.6 m) tall statue of Confederate States of America Lt. General and first-era Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard Nathan Bedford Forrest mounted on a horse in Nashville, Tennessee, located near Interstate 65 at 701D Hogan Road. 1776 in American History | Overview, Facts & Significance, Antebellum Architecture | Style, Characteristics & History. Jeffery opened his eyes a little and then left. Second Estate Members & Roles | What was the Second Estate? Mount Rushmore Facts & History | Where is Mount Rushmore? Forrest eventually became a millionaire, having made a fortune trading livestock, brokering real estate, planting cotton, and especially selling slaves. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Careful to never engage the superior Union numbers in outright combat, Forrest instead relied on guerilla tactics designed to frustrate and exhaust his pursuers. Forrest's. Berserker History, Facts & Overview | What is a Viking Berserker? Pierre Trudeau Family, Facts & Legacy | Who was Pierre Trudeau? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Forrest returned to Tennessee after the Civil War and entered private business. Following the start of the Civil War (1861-65), Forrest enlisted as a private in the Tennessee Mounted Rifles and helped equip the unit using his own money. King George IV Life & Reign | Who was King George IV of England? Phaedra Overview & Facts | Who is Phaedra in Greek Mythology? Nathan Bedford Forrest took part in the Confederate losses at the Battle of Franklin (November 30, 1864). He was 71. On December 4, 1863 Nathan Bedford Forrest was promoted to the rank of major general. Witnesses reported the rebels shouted No quarter! as they shot and bayoneted the Union forces, specifically targeting the Black troops as they ran. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. J.E.B. Blockade History, Regulations & Examples | What is a Blockade? He served from 1857 to 1861, during the build-up to the Civil War. 29.--Gen. Stuart was a throwback to the past, colorfully dressing with . We want him here among us; he is the only laboring class we have. cemeteries found in Columbia, Maury County, Tennessee, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Dancing Plague Cause & Origin | What was the Dancing Plague of 1518? Barnum? Daniel Webster Timeline & Significance | Who is Daniel Webster? Code Talkers Overview & Significance | Navajo & Other Code Talkers, Danu Overview, Mythology & Symbols | Celtic Goddess of Nature. Robert E. Lee was the leading Confederate general during the U.S. Civil War and has been venerated as a heroic figure in the American South. Cheka, the Soviet Secret Police | Origin, Purpose & Facts. James Ewell Brown Stuart Life & Role | Who was J.E.B. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. During the battle and subsequent massacre, between 277 and 295 Union troopsmost of whom were Blackwere killed. Key facts about Nathan Bedford Forrest, a prominent Confederate cavalry officer whose reputation was stained by accusations regarding his role in the "Fort Pillow Massacre" on April 12, 1864. He went to work for his uncle, Jonathan, at a tailor shop in Hernando, Mississippi. Gospel of Luke in the New Testament | Summary & Analysis, Amazons: History & Depictions | Warrior Women of Greek Mythology. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. In 1867 Forrest joined the original faction of the Ku Klux Klan or KKK. At the time of his death he held the Honorary position of Imperial Klokann, an office in the national organization. In 1845, Jonathan was killed in a street fight over a business dispute. Serqet Overview & Mythology | Who is the Egyptian Goddess Serqet? Forrest was born into a poor family and spent his formative years in rural Tennessee and Mississippi. He was buried on September 28, 1943, in a small cemetery near Wiek, Rgen.[1]. Did you know? REBELLION RESEARCH ADVISORS, L.P. IS A REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISER AND NOT FOR PROFIT EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH THINK TANK. Eastern Catholic Church History & Beliefs | What is the Eastern Rite Church? These purchases led to Forrest's expedited advancement up through the ranks of the Confederate Army. Nathan Bedford Forrest died in 1877 from health complications related to his diabetes, leaving behind a legacy of racism, first as a slave trader, then as a soldier in the Confederate Army where he became one of the south's greatest military strategists, and following the Civil War when he joined the KKK and became a grand wizard of one of the most hate-filled groups in history. Birthplace: Chapel Hill, TN Location of death: Memphis, TN Cause of death: Diabetes complications Remains: Buried, Forr. Nathan Bedford Forrest took part in General Braxton Braggs retreat from Tennessee during the Tullahoma Campaign (June 24 July 3, 1863). Gould was not so lucky, and now that the mortal balances had shifted in Forrest's favor, Forrest was filled with remorse. He also held the position as Grand Dragon of Georgia. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/nathan-bedford-forrest. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. Nathan Bedford Forrest rivals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson as the foremost human symbol of Confederate identity. Queen Victoria Children & Facts | The Children of Queen Victoria. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. Little Concepts: ABC Spanish - by Aless Baylis (Hardcover) $14 . Battle of the Sexes | Billie Jean King vs Bobby Riggs. Elizabeth Bathory Biography & Reputation | Who was the Blood Countess? There was a problem getting your location. Four Sights of Buddha | Overview, Story & Importance. Jesse Jackson Life, Career & Children | Who is Jesse Jackson? Nathan Bedford Forrest's wound was, miraculously, not fatal as the ball hit no vital organs. On June 14, 1863, Nathan Bedford Forrest was seriously wounded and averted death at the hands of would-be assassin Lieutenant Andrew W. Gould. Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821-1877) was a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). Sit-In Overview & Movements | What is a Sit-In? Certified Secondary English/Language Teacher B.S.Ed Secondary Education & English; M.Ed. This battle, and the manner in which surrendering soldiers were slaughtered, led to a renewed effort from the Union to win the Civil War. Chinese Leader Zhou Enlai: Life & Reign | Who was Zhou Enlai? Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Catholic Church Cardinals: History & Roles | What are Cardinals? Include gps location with grave photos where possible. John Laurens: Life, Career & Legacy | Who was John Laurens? Nathan Bedford Forrests body was originally interred Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis. Keres Overview, Mythology & Facts | Greek Goddesses of Death. GREAT NEWS! Elizabeth the Queen Mother Biography & Children | Who was the Queen Mother? The battle that ensued on April 12, 1864, was characterized by close-quarters combat and an almost total breakdown of command and control. Having been promoted to colonel, Forrest fought with distinction at the Battle of Shiloh (April 67, 1862), during the retreat from which he received the first of his multiple wartime wounds. Anti-Semitism History, Facts & Examples | What is Anti-Semitism? Please try again later. Promoted to major general in December 1863, Forrest fought a series of small engagements in Tennessee before defeating a much larger Union force at the Battle of Okolona in February 1864. Breton Language: History & Use | Where is Breton Brezhoneg Spoken? That same year, Forrest married Mary Anne Montgomery. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Civil War Confederate Lieutenant General. Eurozone Crisis Origin & Facts | What is the European Debt Crisis? When did the nuclear age begin? Monaco: Overview, Population & Facts | Where is Monaco? Keating Five Senators & Allegations | Who were the Keating Five? In 1865, Forrest and his men were struggling just to avoid capture. Mariel Boatlift History & Significance | What was the Mariel Boatlift? Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. He spent his remaining years overseeing a prison camp near Memphis and living with his wife in log cabin salvaged from this plantation. Remembered by some as a hero of Southern causes, Forrest was memorialized in statues and other monuments throughout the region. Holy Alliance History & Impact | What was the Holy Alliance? Services were held at Court Avenue Presbyterian Church in Memphis before he was buried at Elmwood Cemetery. The Legacy and Death of Nathan Bedford Forrest. In 1904, he and his wife were reinterred at Forrest Park where a bronze equestrian monument by sculptor Charles H. Niehaus was erected as the headstone in 1905. Justice Sonia Sotomayor: Life & Career | Who is Sonia Sotomayor? Astor Family History, Facts, & Overview | Who are the Astors? People . Windsor Castle History & Fire | Where is Windsor Castle? William Tecumseh Sherman was a U.S. Civil War Union Army leader known for "Sherman's March," in which he and his troops laid waste to the South. For several hours he would show his guests where the military encounters had taken place amid what had become shopping malls and neighborhoods. We have set your language to To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. Third International History & Theory | What is the Comintern? John Lewis Facts & Civil Rights Activism | Who was John Lewis? On June 14, 1863, Nathan Bedford Forrest was seriously wounded and averted death at the hands of would-be assassin Lieutenant Andrew W. Gould. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? If you would like to know more, please contact us. Forrest would win his first engagement later that year, when he led a surprise attack on a complement of 500 Union troops near Sacramento, Kentucky. Tatar People & Language | Who are the Tatars? Kwame Nkrumah Life & Presidency | Kwame Nkrumah Overview. Nathan Bedford Forrest was promoted to brigadier general on July 21, 1862. Brazen Bull: Torture Device & Purpose | What was the Brazen Bull? Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). On June 14, 1861, Nathan Bedford Forrest enlisted as a private in Captain Josiah Whites Tennessee Mounted Rifles (Seventh Tennessee Cavalry). Cretaceous Period Dinosaurs & Climate | When was the Cretaceous Period? He was the first American General Officer killed in combat against . Arianism in Christianity: History & Controversy | What is Arianism? Add to your scrapbook. Duel Overview, History & Weapons | What is Dueling? Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Haniwa Overview & Purpose | What are the Haniwa? European Expansion & Exploration | Timeline, Reasons & Effects. Learn more about merges. Shoaf is survived by his mother, Bette Anthony Shoaf, sister Elizabeth Shoaf Burns (Michael), brother Lauren, half-brother Eugene R. Anthony III (Frances), nephew Matthew Shoaf (Katie), niece Rachel Shoaf, great niece Julia Claire Shoaf, and great nephew Harrison Shoaf. His final task of the war was to prevent the incursion of Brig. Forrest soon moved the family to Memphis, Tennessee, where he became a successful planter and owner of a stagecoach company. Vanuatu Map, People & Facts | Where is Vanuatu? City of Harappa: Location & History | What is Harappa? Vesta Mythology & Facts | Who is the Roman Goddess of Hearth & Home? The image of Nathan Bedford Forrest still touches upon concerns vital to Americans, both black and white, while the transfor-mations in public perceptions of the general reflect larger shifts in southern views on history, identity, masculinity, and race. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Life & Career | Who was Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.? The creators behind American History Central are historians, developers, and website specialists who have built multiple digital encyclopedias. He also boxed at West Point. His parents were William Forrest and Miriam Beck. The Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault | Painting, Features & Facts. Robert Smalls was an enslaved African American who became a politician, serving in both the South Carolina legislature and the U.S. House of Representatives. At the onset of the Civil War, he enlisted as a private in a Tennessee regiment before quickly rising through the ranks, even without having received any formal military training. What did Nathan Bedford Forrest do after the Civil War? Despite being cornered by Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant, Forrest refused to surrender along with General Simon Bolivar Buckner and the forts 12,000 other Confederates. He died on October 29, 1877, reportedly from complications of diabetes. Eventually, after a six-month siege, Vicksburg fell, but Forrest continued to attack boldly and retreat swiftly, frustrating one Union commander after the other and further expanding his reputation. In early 1862, Nathan Bedford Forrest refused to surrender his command during the defense of Fort Donelson. Suffering from diabetes, Forrest died at his brothers home in Memphis on October 29, 1877, at the age of fifty-six. According to the Arlington National Cemetery website he had no children, making him the final male Forrest in his great-grandfather's legitimate direct line. Jefferson Davis was a 19th century U.S. senator best known as the president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. In 1834, when Nathan Bedford Forrest was thirteen years old, his family moved to Marshall County, Mississippi. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Nathan Bedford Forrest I found on Findagrave.com. Erra, Akkadian God of Pestilence | Origin, Myths & Merge With Nergal. A gathering in memory of Forrest will be held on October 16, from 11 am to 2 pm, at his family's home, 1924 Taxpayer Road, Ripley, TN. Nathan Bedford Forrests men were among the last to surrender at the end of the Civil War. Church of the East: History & Schisms | Expansion of the Assyrian Church, The Underworld Mythology, Gods & Geography | Greek Hades, Phoenix Mythology, Symbolism & Origin | Greek Phoenix, Horae Overview, Mythology & Facts | Greek Goddesses of the Seasons, Hebe Mythology, Family & Art | Greek Goddess of Youth, Hindu God of Water: Overview, Mythology & Facts | Varuna in Hinduism, Half Man Half Goat Myth, Overview & Difference | Satyr vs. Faun, Dragon King Overview & Facts | The Dragon Gods in Chinese Mythology, Chiron the Centaur & Achilles | Overview, Mythology & Relationship. Abbot Purpose & Role | What is the Head of a Monastery Called? Rudy Giuliani Life & Career | Who is Rudy Giuliani? Stuart and Nathan Bedford Forrest: The Lives and Legacies of the Confederacy's Most Famous Cavalry Commanders (English Edition) eBook . After the battle Forrest openly criticized General Braxton Bragg, who he believed had failed to capitalize on the Confederate victory. Python in Greek Mythology: Role & Location | What was the Python? Failed to remove flower. A month later he led a raiding mission into Tennessee, where he captured a Union garrison at Murfreesboro. At the Battle of Chickamauga (September 19, 1863 September 20, 1863) Nathan Bedford Forrests cavalry won accolades for dismounting and fighting alongside the infantry on the Confederate right flank. Shoaf was named in honor of the former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, for whom one of his ancestors fought. Mary Seacole, War Nurse: Biography & Family | Who was Mary Seacole? Dagda Mythology & Symbols | Who is Dagda in the Celtic Pantheon? King Alfred of Wessex: Family & Reign| Who was King Alfred the Great? 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Overview & Facts | What was the 2004 Tsunami? Union soldiers entered the city in southern Alabama where Forrest and his soldiers opposed them. Codex: Examples & Role in Book History | What is a Codex? Comanche Nation History & Facts | Where is the Comanche Tribe Located? Creation Myths Overview & Examples | What is a Creation Myth? Optimates & Populares | Overview, History & Significance in Rome. Indian Subcontinent: Overview & Countries | What is a Subcontinent? Medusa in Greek Mythology: Story & Role | Who Killed Medusa? White House History, Facts & Location | When was the White House Built? He was leading a brilliant charge against the Federals when killed, which brought the charge to a screeching halt. Once, when counseling an investor who had made a bad investment, he said, "Let's not focus on the cheese. After these expeditions, he rejoined the main Confederate Army of Tennesseenow commanded by John Bell Hoodin November to take part in its last major action, the Franklin-Nashville campaign (September 18December 27, 1864). One of the greatest cavalrymen of the Civil War, Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest allegedly permitted the massacre at Fort Pillow during the war and was associated with the Ku Klux Klan afterward. Family Tree of Norse Gods | Overview, Mythology & Facts. Nathan Bedford Forrest enlisted in the Confederate Army along with his young son and his youngest brother in 1861. MEMPHIS, Tenn., Oct. Roman Festivals Overview & Facts | What were Ancient Roman Holidays? The main cause of this war was the status of slavery. Country of Haiti: Map, Population & People | Where is Haiti? Church Committee Overview & Hearings | What was the Church Committee? Red Guard History, Facts & Overview | Chinese Red Guard Movement, Timurid Empire | History, Architecture & Map. Drag images here or select from your computer for Nathan Bedford Forrest memorial. All Souls' Day: Origin & Facts | What is All Souls' Day? Liber: History, Facts & Myths | Who is the Roman God Liber Pater? By 1869, however, he reportedly became disenchanted by the groups increasingly violent nature and renounced his membership. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. I feel like its a lifeline. Born dirt-poor in the small town of Chapel Hill, Tennessee, on July 13, 1821,Nathan Bedford Forrestgrew up with no education except the backwoods skills of hunting, tracking and survival. Forrest also received notoriety when he was named the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Forrest is also associated with one of the more controversial episodes of the Civil War. Failed to report flower. Rand Currency: History & Banknotes | What is the South African Rand? Orpheus in Greek Mythology: Overview & Facts | Who is Orpheus? Gould. By the late 1850s, Nathan Bedford Forrest was one of the wealthiest men in the South. Year should not be greater than current year. Guilds Overview, History & Role | What are Medieval Guilds? The Three Kings History & Significance | Who were the Magi? When Forrest witnessed how poorly prepared Confederate soldiers were for battle, he personally financed the uniforms for a battalion of men, including stronger horses. Martyrs History & Examples | What is Martyrdom? The Southern Victory version (an officer of a still-extant Confederacy, which has become analogous to Nazi Germany), leads a July 20-style coup attempt against Hitleresque Confederate President Jake Featherston. Chrysaor Overview & Facts | Who is Chrysaor in Greek Mythology? London Fog of 1952 Overview & History | What was the Great Smog of London? According to the City of Memphis, the Nathan Bedford Forrest, James T. Mathis, and Jefferson Davis statues have been released to the descendants . Forrests financial situation later became desperate following the failure of his railroad business in 1874. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. leading the cavalry for the Confederacy in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia until his death at the Battle of Yellow Tavern in May 1864. Vice President Kamala Harris: Life & Career | Who is Kamala Harris? Slave Ship Overview & Conditions | What is the Middle Passage? Please reset your password. 1877. He would respond with raids against Memphis and Johnsonville, Tennessee, before linking up with forces under General John Bell Hood in November 1864. What is Nathan Bedford Forrests reputation today? Following the Battle of Chickamauga, Nathan Bedford Forrest openly criticized General Braxton Bragg for refusing to pursue the retreating Federals. Austria Location, Capital & Population | Where is Austria? Moabites Overview & History | Who were the Moabites in the Bible? Forrest was engaged throughout early 1863 in operations near Fort Donelson and at the Battle of Thompsons Station. Most of history's great commanders check only one or two boxes on the "feared and fearsome" chart. Ariadne Of Crete | Family, Consorts & Role in Greek Mythology. Obituary from page 34 of the Friday, 22 OCT 1965 edition of the Memphis Commercial Appeal: . Nergal, Mesopotamian God of Death | Origin, Myths & Roles, Ptolemaic Dynasty | Pharaohs, Family Tree & Timeline, Gregorian Calendar Overview & History | Julian vs. Gregorian Calendar, Ponte Vecchio Overview, History & Facts | Ponte Vecchio of Florence. Forrest had been born into poverty in rural Tennessee in 1821, and [1] Contents Confederate Cavalry General. He personally disposed of at least five Federals that day, three with his saber. He surrendered his entire command in May. Geronimo Overview, Life & Tribe | Who was Geronimo? Veterans Day Overview & Meaning | What is Veterans Day? Ragnar Lodbrok Life & Legacy | Who was the Viking Ragnar Lodbrok? A veteran of the Black Hawk War (1832), Johnston resigned from the U.S. Army in 1834. Although Forrest had threatened Braggs life, Bragg, realizing Forrests importance to the Confederate war effort, never reported the incident. Leather: Origins & Types | Where Does Leather Come From? Martin Luther King Jr. Day: History & Activities | When is MLK Day? Psyche: Mythology & History | Who was the Greek Goddess of the Soul? Henry III of France: Family, Reign & Death | Who was Henry III? Eva Braun: Life & Death | Who was Hitlers Wife? His family was presented his Distinguished Service Cross, which he was awarded posthumously for staying at the controls of his B-17 bomber while his crew bailed out. He was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and placed in charge of raising and training his own battalion. Fabian Society Founders & Ideology | What is the Fabian Society? James Buchanan was the 15th president of the United States. Book of Judith Overview & History | Who is Judith in the Bible? Salvador Allende Life & Presidency | Salvador Allende Overview. Soon, he was practicing law for the Nashville law firm of Bass, Berry & Sims, where he would become partner, only to be lured away in 1995 to become general counsel for former Gov. He was the great-grandson of Confederate Lt. General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Forrest found himself left with only one plantation to manage and a job working for the railroad, a large step down from his pre-war wealthy status. With the untimely death of his father, Forrest became his familys sole provider while still a teenager. In the late 1860s Forrest began an association with the newly formed Ku Klux Klan, a secret society that terrorized blacks and opposed Reconstruction efforts. Financially ruined by the Panic of 1873, Nathan Bedford Forrest spent the last years of his life running a prison work farm on Presidents Island near Memphis. 1845-09-25 Confederate army Nathan Bedford Forrest (24) weds Presbyterian minister's daughter Mary Ann Montgomery . MK Ultra Project & Experiments | What is MK Ultra? based on information from your browser. Estado Novo History & Ideology | What was Estado Novo in Portugal? Saints Overview & Role in the Catholic Church | What is a Saint? In 1852 he moved his young family to Memphis, Tennessee, where he amassed a small fortune working as a slave trader. He was more a son than a brother to Forrest. Adriatic Sea Map & Facts | Where is the Adriatic Sea? Angkor Wat: History, Location & Architecture | What is Angkor Wat? The move comes just over a year after the owner of the . Forrestwent after the murderers, killing two and wounding two others. Jewish Art History & Examples | Artworks & Symbols in Judaism. Inti, Inca Sun God: History & Symbolism | Who was Inti? "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. By 1860 Forrest owned two cotton plantations and had established himself among the wealthiest men in Tennessee. Photos courtesy of Tennessee State Museum Satyr Characteristics & Myths | What are Satyrs in Greek Mythology? Anne Sullivan Biography, Facts & Books | Who was Anne Sullivan? William B. Travis Biography & Accomplishments | Who was William B. Travis? Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. You can always change this later in your Account settings. He became a multimillionaire by being a. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. Stuart and Nathan Bedford Forrest: The Lives and Legacies of the Confederacy's Most Famous Cavalry Commanders eBook : Charles . His sister remembers him differently: "He always had his head in a book.". Cyprus Location, Map & People | Where is Cyprus? In December 2017, amid a heated battle over whether Confederate monuments belonged in public places, a statue of Forrest on horseback was removed from a park in Memphis, Tennessee. Failed to delete memorial. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Forrest cradled him for a bit, leaning over him, then looked up at Major Strange, who was standing nearby. Stuart? Jack Swigert, Astronaut: Life & Career | Who was Jack Swigert? A controversial statue of a former Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan (KKK) member has been removed after it was erected on private property in Tennessee more than two decades ago. Bessie Coleman Facts, Career & Life | Who was Bessie Coleman? Silesia Location, Culture & Language | Where is Silesia? Queen Victoria Biography & Family Tree | Who was Queen Victoria? Stuart was a throwback to the past, colorfully dressing with capes . copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Robert the Bruce, King of Scots: Life & Rule | Who was Robert the Bruce? The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Oskar Schindler Life & Legacy | What Did Oskar Schindler Do? Burial . This campaign was a disaster for the Confederacy, and, following the Battle of Nashville (December 1516), Forrest fought a stubborn rearguard action to cover the retreat of the broken army. Animals in Space: Overview & Facts | What was the First Animal in Space?
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