Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. Hercte west of Panormus. [59] The modern historian Dexter Hoyos stresses that "[s]uch manoeuvres were about the simplest that any army could learn, once it mastered the absolute basics of marching in formation". i. p. 391; Auson. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. The Barca family originated from the celebrated Numidian warriors. 285-c. 229 B.C.) World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Hannibal's father, commander and statesman Hamilcar Barca, chafed at the peace treaty, which forced Carthage to surrender the valuable colony of Sicily and pay remunerations to Rome. Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. The answer was Spain. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar obtained permission from the Carthaginian Senate for recruiting and training a new army, with the immediate goal of securing the African domain of Carthage. By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. After retaking the Seven Words a city situated on the slopes of Gorkoman mountain, Hamilcar was forewarned by Lord-Veritant Vikaeus of an imminent Skaven attack. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . 285-c. 229 B.C.) The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. Thus, in 241, the First Punic War drew to a close with the establishment of a new imperial power in the West. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. According . By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. The carbon dating of the coin is 217 BCE. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. In 202 BCE, Hannibal was called back to Africa to defend Carthage against invading Roman military forces, and there he was finally defeated by Scipio Africanus at the battle of Zama. He then left Ercte for Mount Eryx (modern Erice near Trapani), which he held until 241. When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. d. 229 or 228 BC, Carthaginian general. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hannibal was inclined to the god, Apollo. #1. Apr 3, 2011. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. Books The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 193, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 145, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 146, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p147, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p148, Lazenby, John .F, The First Punic War, p. 157, Diodorus Siculus 24.13, Cornelius Nepos, Hamilcar, 1.5, Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars, pp. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [60], According to another line of thought,[61] Hamilcars army marched in three separate columns, with the war elephants placed nearest the rebel army. World History Encyclopedia, 01 Jun 2016. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. Hamilcar Barca (d. 229/8 B.C.) Boston Harbor. One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. [4] Unfortunately Tony Bath omits references. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. Carthaginian leadership requested terms to the victorious Roman commander, Gaius Lutatius Catulus and authorised Hamilcar Barca to open negotiations, probably to avoid the responsibility of the defeat. Hamilcar had at least three daughters and at least three sons. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. Italy. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Hamilcar's move away from the traditional naval power of Carthage to a land force was reaping fantastic rewards. Cite This Work 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. Foi pai de Anbal, Asdrbal, Adonibal e Mago, [2] bem como o construtor dos famosos jardins de Amlcar, que se encontravam em Mgara, na periferia de Cartago.. Comandou as foras de Cartago na ltima parte da primeira guerra pnica e foi o . Hamilcar Barca | Father of Hannibal and Enemy of Rome | Carthaginian History 2,359 views Apr 22, 2022 144 Dislike Share Serapeum 2.07K subscribers I guess this can be counted as the spiritual. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. By winter of 240 BC, the situation had improved for Carthage. No. 23 Hamilcar Barca Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 23 Hamilcar Barca Premium High Res Photos Browse 23 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. They had long since had control of the old Phoenician colonies there, and it had already proven a rich source of silver. His second was to implement his strategy for preparing Carthage for any future conflict with Rome,[82] or enable Carthage to defend itself against any aggression.[83]. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. Web. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce ), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 bce ). Hamilcar besieged Indortes, tortured and crucified him after his surrender but allowed 10,000 of the captured enemy soldiers to go home.[105]. The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. 275-228 BC. There was no other city like it. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. Carthaginian warships were forbidden to sail along Italian shores or those of their allies. Hamilcar had been undefeated and was forced to make peace. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. License. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. [111] The Romans withdrew and did not bother the Carthaginians in Spain until 226 BC. Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. Whatever was the motivation behind this act, it was resented by the mercenaries left behind in Sicily. [18] With a small force and no money to hire new troops, Hamilcar's strategic goal probably was to maintain a stalemate, as he had neither the resources to win the war nor the authority to peacefully settle it. Roman Beach AttackThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. Thank you! After the siege of Helice and betrayed by local allies, Hamilcar retreated and drowned while crossing a river in the winter of 229/228 BCE. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. It is also possible that he had hoped to establish a future war chest with Spanish silver. The difference was that Fabius commanded a numerically superior army to his opponent, had no supply problems, and had room to manoeuvre, while Hamilcar was mostly static, had a far smaller army than the Romans and was dependent on seaborne supplies from Carthage. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. [55] Hamilcar observed that wind blowing from a certain direction uncovered a sandbar at the river mouth that was fordable and, under cover of night, the Punic army left Carthage and crossed the river. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). There is no clear record of the political activity in Carthage at this time. Worst personality award: Nero/Caligula Worst influence award: Honorius (Reasons already stated, I pretty much agree) He doomed the other half though. Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Hamilcar, furious that Sicily had been given up too soon, while he had been undefeated,[77] could rely on support from this party. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. Poirson5.gif 449 637; 129 KB. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. This led to the Second Punic War and Hannibal taking the army across the Alps into Italy. The Roman Republic was nearly bankrupt and had to borrow money from wealthy citizens to fund the construction of a fleet of 200 quinqueremes, which blockaded Carthaginian positions in Sicily in 242 BC by seizing the harbour of Drepana and anchorages at Lilybaeum, while Roman soldiers built siege works around Drepanum. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. Hamilcar Barca (ca. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. 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