Prior to the Brooklyn Bridge opening celebration, President Arthur's health had been deteriorating. [163] Frelinghuysen also discontinued Blaine's peace efforts in the War of the Pacific, fearing that the United States might be drawn into the conflict. [131], More troubling was the lack of legal guidance on presidential succession: as Garfield lingered near death, no one was sure who, if anyone, could exercise presidential authority. General Chester Arthur's Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863. Facts about Chester an Arthur 1: the life span Chester A Arthur was born on 5th October 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont and died on 18 November 1886. Chester A. Arthur 's tenure as the 21st president of the United States began on September 19, 1881, when he succeeded to the presidency upon the assassination of President James A. Garfield, and ended on March 4, 1885. David L. Anderson, "The Diplomacy of Discrimination: Chinese Exclusion, 18761882", New York State Republican Executive Committee, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, List of presidents of the United States by previous experience, Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, "Rating the Presidents: Washington to Clinton", "Top 10 Forgettable Presidents: Fail to the Chief; Chester A. Arthur", "Then Again: A Vermont politician faces the 'birthers'. [184], Other federal action on behalf of blacks was equally ineffective: when the Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875 in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), Arthur expressed his disagreement with the decision in a message to Congress, but was unable to persuade Congress to pass any new legislation in its place. [136] On September 22, he re-took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite. [200] Arthur nominated Horace Gray, a distinguished jurist from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court to replace him, and the nomination was easily confirmed. So too, as it turns out, is the New York City house in which Arthur was sworn in as president, and died just five . [123] Garfield ultimately appointed a Stalwart, Thomas Lemuel James, to be Postmaster General, but the cabinet fight and Arthur's ill-considered speech left the President and Vice President clearly estranged when they took office on March 4, 1881. [39] While studying law, he continued teaching, moving closer to home by taking a job at a school in North Pownal, Vermont. Born in Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829, Arthur was an educator, lawyer, and army officer before being appointed as customs collector of the Port of New York (1871-78). [146] Although Arthur had worked closely with Dorsey before his presidency, once in office he supported the investigation and forced the resignation of officials suspected in the scandal. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. As a young boy, he attended schools in Perry and Greenwich, New York, before enrolling at the Union College in 1845. [14] They married in Dunham on April 12, 1821, soon after meeting. [19][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. $50,000 in 1871 is equal to $1.13million in present terms. It was said he had over eighty pairs of pants and often changed them several times a day. [167], A more contentious debate materialized over the status of Chinese immigrants; in January 1868, the Senate had ratified the Burlingame Treaty with China, allowing an unrestricted flow of Chinese into the country. A skilled fisherman 8. [175], Chandler appointed an advisory board to prepare a report on modernization, whose goal was to create a Navy that would protect America thousands of miles away, rather than just coastal waters. [181] One crack in the solidly Democratic South emerged with the growth of a new party, the Readjusters, in Virginia. [30] Had that been true, opponents might have argued that Arthur was ineligible for the vice presidency under the United States Constitution's natural-born-citizen clause. 1051. Arthur worked for one of the most prominent law firms in New York City. [139] His son, Chester Jr., was then a freshman at Princeton University and his daughter, Nell, stayed in New York with a governess until 1882; when she arrived, Arthur shielded her from the intrusive press as much as he could. The territory had been ceded to the United States by Russia in an 1867 treaty. "'Vice Breeds Crime' The 'Germs' of Mark . Activity. [49] The office was a patronage appointment of minor importance until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, when New York and the other northern states were faced with raising and equipping armies of a size never before seen in American history. The family finally settled in the Schenectady, New York area. [138], Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy, served as White House hostess for her widowed brother;[138] Arthur became Washington's most eligible bachelor and his social life became the subject of rumors, though romantically, he remained singularly devoted to the memory of his late wife. [118] This argument struck home in the swing states of New York and Indiana, where many were employed in manufacturing. Blaine was defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) in the general election. [187], The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes. "Men may die, but the fabric of free . [151], At first, the act applied only to 10% of federal jobs and, without proper implementation by the president, it could have gone no further. Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as the twenty-second President of the United States. They collected large amounts of money that came from taxes. Chester A. Arthur (b. October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont) was the 21st president of the United States. [152] The chief examiner, Silas W. Burt, was a long-time reformer who had been Arthur's opponent when the two men worked at the New York Custom House. 238 lessons. [164] Legislation required to bring the treaty into force failed in the House, however, rendering it a dead letter. [218] The statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy. Chester A. Arthur was not supposed to be president. They preferred the government spend more on internal improvements and reduce excise taxes. In 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. He withdrew troops from the Reconstruction states in order to restore local control and good will, a decision that many perceived read more, Ulysses Grant (1822-1885) commanded the victorious Union army during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. In her absence, the presidents sister, Mary Arthur McElroy, acted as White House read more, Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-1893), the 19th president of the United States, won a controversial and fiercely disputed election against Samuel Tilden. [194] The Yellowstone trip was more beneficial to Arthur's health than his Florida excursion, and he returned to Washington refreshed after two months of travel. [117], With the war fifteen years in the past and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the tactic was less effective than the Republicans hoped. The foreman of the jury charges that a government agent attempted to bribe him, and the judge orders a retrial, to begin on December 7, 1882. Arthur signed the Pendleton Act, which banned salary kickbacks and required merit exams for any professional advancement. It was widely evaded. [158] While Arthur was not opposed to internal improvements, the scale of the bill disturbed him, as did its narrow focus on "particular localities," rather than projects that benefited a larger part of the nation. [87] Jay, with whom Arthur had collaborated in the Lemmon case two decades earlier, suggested that the Custom House was overstaffed with political appointments, and that 20% of the employees were expendable. His first son died suddenly when he was only three years old. [149] Both Democratic and Republican leaders realized that they could attract the votes of reformers by turning against the spoils system and, by 1882, a bipartisan effort began in favor of reform. Republicans were pleased with the committee's make-up but were surprised when, in December 1882, they submitted a report to Congress calling for tariff cuts averaging between 20 and 25%. Arthur is remembered primarily for three things: He was never elected to the presidency and two significant pieces of legislation, one positive and the other negative. The two became associates within New York Republican party circles, eventually rising in the ranks of the conservative branch of the party dominated by Thurlow Weed. [61], The end of the Civil War meant new opportunities for the men in Morgan's Republican machine, including Arthur. Chester Alan Arthur was born October 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vermont. Congress passes the Contract Labor Law, also known as the Foran Act, which virtually outlaws alien contract labor. In 1866, Arthur unsuccessfully attempted to secure the position of Naval Officer at the New York Custom House, a lucrative job subordinate only to the Collector. Before he moved into the White House, Chester Arthur hired designer and stained-glass artist Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) to redecorate the state rooms. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). All Rights Reserved. In 1854, he was admitted to the New York bar and began practicing law in New York City. Chester Alan Arthur, one of the few men to serve his entire presidency without ever being elected to office (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, and Gerald Ford were the others), died on this day in 1886. According to a purported eyewitness account by journalist William C. Hudson, Conkling and Arthur argued, with Arthur telling Conkling, "The office of the Vice-President is a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining. [146] An 1882 trial of the ringleaders resulted in convictions for two minor conspirators and a hung jury for the rest. [219] By 1935, historian George F. Howe said that Arthur had achieved "an obscurity in strange contrast to his significant part in American history. [151] In just two years' time, an unrepentant Stalwart had become the president who ushered in long-awaited civil service reform. Although Garfield initially survived the shooting, he battled infections and died two months later, at age 49, on September 19. 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